The use of radix 64 expands a message by 33%. Fortunately, the session key and signature portions of the message are relatively compact, and the old text mes-sage has been compressed. In fact, the compression should be more than enough to compensate for the radix-64 expansion. For example, [HELD96] reports an average compression ratio of about 2.0 using ZIP. If we ignore the relatively small signature and key components, the typical overall effect of compression and expansion of a file of length X would be 1.33 * 0.5 * X = 0.665 * X. Thus, there is still an overall compression of about one-third.
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