Stretching along the narrow ridge embodies charm of the Inca empire - Machu Picchu, a brilliant civilization abruptly ended by the bloody conquest of the Spaniards in the 1500s
Machu Picchu - City Lost City of the Incas
Stretching along the narrow ridge embodies charm of the Inca empire - Machu Picchu, a brilliant civilization abruptly ended by the bloody conquest of the Spaniards in the year 1500. Among the thousands of roads is the pre-Columbus cultures built in South America, the Inca Trail is the most notable. This network of roads converged on the capital city's Cusco- former Inca empire. Today, thousands of tourists walk the Inca Trail route, they get used to the city of Cusco before the start of a the trip lasts four days from Urubamba valley leads to the Andes mountain range to visit Machu Picchu ruins. Machu Picchu is located on a ridge in the Urubamba Valley in Peru, the city of Cusco approximately 80 km to the northwest , through the Urubamba river. Machu Picchu was built by order of the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438-1472) to celebrate the victory after Chancas tribe obtains. It is often called the "Lost City of the Incas". The word "lost" is because it only re-discovered in 1911 by American historian Hiram Bingham. Since then, Machu Picchu has become a tourist attraction in Peru the most important, is the most familiar icon of the Inca world. Machu Picchu is described as "an amazing architectural masterpiece and is a unique testimony of the Inca civilization ". It was built in the classic style of the Incas, including dry stone walls do not need mortar. Many joints perfectly that not even a knife into between the stones. The Incas started building the city around the year 1400, including a number of temples, palaces and terraces with hundreds of stone terraced slopes. dynasty Pachacuti covered most of the walls Around the building stone, plaster temples yellow and red. Unfortunately, the work unfinished, it was abandoned for a century, then the time of conquest of the Spaniards and Machu Picchu eventually become their territory. Three main areas of Machu Picchu is a sacred area, the public sector and the area south of the monk with the aristocracy. In particular, the sacred area was the most interested in archeology. But the most sacred places in Machu Picchu is located sun temple at the highest point in the city. This temple in like a torch was lit day and night, when the sun shines through the windows and walls once a year. In some respects, that's precisely the moment when the sun in the most distant planet. Archaeologist Johan Reinhard presents evidence that the site was chosen as emperor Inca retreat for its position corresponding to the characteristics of a sacred land, especially with the tops Mount alignment with key astronomical events. Bingham began to study and complete a survey of the area. He called Machu Picchu as the "Lost City of the Incas", taking it as the title for a book he wrote about the discovery of Machu Picchu his first. Bingham made several trips to Machu Picchu and the excavation area in 1915, and collected many different objects brought back from Yale University. In May 9/2007, Yale has agreed to return the artifacts that the historian Hiram Bingham collected during the early years of the 20th century in the host country (Peru). Most of the buildings located far center has been re-created to serve the tourism industry, but the structure has changed a bit compared to the original. By the year 1976, the city of Machu Picchu is 30% restored and reconstructed buildings and restore still followed to this day. Machu Picchu is a UNESCO world heritage site in 1983, and in 2007 was community world voted one of the 7 wonders of the world through social networks. In 1981, Peru declared 325.92 km2 area around Machu Picchu is the historic monuments. Apart from this monument, protected area also includes a large part of the adjacent area is rich with flora and fauna. The archaeologists are not sure why the Incas built the city with terraced gardens too high (2350 m) in the Andes. While the valley below the mountain can pyramid gives residents a better life, but they have chosen this mountain as a place to settle, it is possible to avoid the threat of enemy invasion. Actually, dizzying heights of Machu Picchu has not stopped the footsteps of the Inca population. In 2000, around 400,000 people visited Machu Picchu, and UNESCO has also expressed its concern vesu degradation may occur . A maximum of 2,500 people were allowed to visit Machu Picchu ruins in a day, to prevent the abuse to the ruins. Architecture at Machu Picchu Inca Wall All construction in Machu Picchu uses the style is Inca architecture with stone walls vuava not use stones of equal size. The Incas were masters of this technique, called ashlar, in which blocks of stone are cut to fit together tightly without mortar. Many junctions are so perfect that not even a knife fits between the stones. The Incas never used the wheel. Somehow they put up several large rocks remains a mystery, although the general belief is that they used hundreds of men to push the boulder up. I still do not know why the Incas did not leave any documentation about the construction by the writing system they use, called khipu (Quipu), has yet to be deciphered. [6] This area which 140 structures including temples, sanctuaries, parks, houses with thatched roofs. There are more than one hundred flights of stone steps - often completely carved in a single block of granite - and a large number of stations sprinkler, connected by channels and perforated pipes in stone, was designed for the original irrigation system. Have found evidence that the irrigation system was used to carry water from a holy spring to each house, the order is divided by class level of people in it. Those worried about Tourism [ Number of visitors to Machu Picchu increasing (400,000 in 2003), so some people are concerned that the site is damaged. For that reason, a number of protests against plans to build a further bridge up here was launched and a no-fly zone has been established. UNESCO is currently considering putting Machu Picchu on its list of World Heritage Site of them endangered.
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