When a photon is absorbed, its energy is transferred to the electrons in the Crystal network. Typically the electrons the outermost layer, and usually a binder with neighboring atoms thus cannot move away. When electrons are stimulated, becoming conductive, electrons can move freely in semiconductors. Then the atom will lack 1 electron and it's called the "hole". This hole allows the electrons of the atoms next to the move to fill the "hole", and this creates a hole for the neighboring atoms have the "hole". Keep such "empty holes" moving through semiconductor circuits.A photon need only have energy greater than enough energy to excite electrons the outermost layer conductivity. However, the frequency of the Sun is usually equivalent to 6000° K, so the majority of solar energy is absorbed by the Silicon.
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