+ Private enterprise.+ Cooperative+ Corporate holding company.+ Enterprise limited liability company.+ Business company enterprise.+ Business joint venture.III. the content of commercial sales contract:a) conceptCommercial Law in Vietnam have no concept Combination Board of trade, but can understand the commercial contract is the legal forms of commercial behaviour, is the agreement between two or more parties (at least one of the parties to be traders or the subject has traders) in order to establish, change, an end to the rights and obligations of the parties in the implementation of operations trade.b) contentsThe contents of commercial contracts and contract generally general terms that the parties to the agreements the contract agreement, these terms define those rights and specific civil obligation of the parties to contracts. While the basic difference of the commercial contract is content of the commercial contract is commercial activity. Each type of case and there are certain rules about the basic terms. For example: for the purchase contract basic terms include for the statue and the price.The law insists the agreement between the parties, the agreements course contents of the contract are subject to the provisions of the law of contract. Excluding the provisions of the law have mandatory content, the parties can deal with each other other content with the content specified in the law. Article 402 the Civil Code 2005 provisions "depending on the type of contract, the parties can agreement on the following:1. object of the contract are the property is assigned, the work must to do or not do.2. quantity, quality3. price, payment method4. time, location, method of performing the contract5. rights, obligations of the parties6. liabilities due to breach of contract7. contract violations8. other content "Depending on the nature of each type of contract, the parties may agree deal or not deal all the articles listed on. The parties also can be added to the contract terms that have no rules but the parties feel unnecessary.In addition, in order to clarify the content of the contract, with the addition by Annex. Annex comes into force as the case at the same, but the contents of the annexes are not contrary to the agreement. c) forms of responsibilityLiabilities are obligations incurred the dispossessed nature of identity or property corresponds to the acts legal cause, in accordance with the patent law. Responsible For legal responsibility attached to breach of-sanctions deprived of some other rights, which made these additional obligations. The responsibility be expressed through legal sanctions and mounting with the State's coercive expressed criticism of the water for violations of the law and with themselves the vi breaking the law.d) infringement, indemnificationAccording to the provisions of current legislation: (i) Article 422 of the Penal Code In 2005 allows the parties in civil transactions are deals on varying violations; can moderate agreement filed violations and compensation; If there is no mutual agreement previous pros on compensation for damage shall compensate the the damage; If no agreement on compensation, the on the breach of the obligation only to pay fines for violating. (ii) Law Trade rules: the fine for violation of the obligation to incorporate Council or of the fine for multiple violations by the parties to collective bargaining agreed in the contract, but not more than 8% of the value of the obligation the contract was breached (article 301) and. .. Compensation is the sidebar violation to compensate the damage caused by breach of contract caused to the parties violated. Compensation value consists of actual loss treatment that violated party suffered due to the breaking causes and direct benefit that the violation should enjoy if no violation (article 302). (iii) Law Building regulations: for buildings by the State, the rate does not exceed 12% of the value of the contract benefit, the fine does not exceed 12% of the contract value is infringed (Article 110)Only with the provisions of the three aforementioned law have found that the difference in violations and damages in contractual relations subject According to that is what contracts: civil, commercial or construction use source of State budget money. That is, the first thing the parties like to deal on the violations or to damages clearly define the relationship between the parties is what ties, if there is damage caused by violations to compensation or not. Type of case also Tuesday, depending on the range operated by the State budget, but can manipulate, reference, reference when looking for construction contract with URBAN COMMERCIAL loans.The case does not specify clearly the type of relations and the law of things alignment will lead to difficult to solve when there is disputed: The breach want to apply rules towards the penalty low and/or not want compensation for damage; on the contrary, violated Party want to pressure use of the law in the direction required violations and/or compensation the damage at the highest level canIV. the basic content of economic jurisdiction bodies:1. the concept of jurisdictional economic:Is legal regulation sequence, function procedures the interest of the economic dispute resolution as well as of the stakeholders.2. types of jurisdictional organs economy in our country:At present in our country there are two types of jurisdictional organs economy are as follows:_ In court economy of the people's court system._ Trade: arbitration is the method of dispute resolution by the parties to the agreement and be conducted in accordance with the law of gravity your trade.V. bankruptcy business:Bankruptcy is the removing of the market for business travelers poor business enterprises, should be legal adjustments especially the social impact of economic life, such as the right to benefit of workers, of creditors when companies go bankrupt, etc.According to the law on bankruptcy, business bankruptcy status is businesses struggling or suffering a loss in business after When applied to financial measures necessary and still losing debt payment capacity to the limit.In such conditions, the creditors, the Union representative at the joint or the legal representative of the enterprise has the right to apply to the Court to economy where businesses headquartered in love asked the Court to declare bankruptcy business.Definition of bankruptcy enterprisesAccording to article 2 of law on bankruptcy provisions: "in business bankrupt business is struggling or suffering losses in business activity after having applied the financial measures necessary and still lose the ability to pay the debt to the limit ".To look at a business in bankruptcy or not based on 2 conditions:• Inability to pay the debt due• The phenomenon of losing the ability to pay the due debt no longer as most phenomena that are very serious in nature and the cure.Classification of bankruptcy• Based on the nature of the bankruptcyo bankrupt honest: Is bankruptcy due to the causes that really causedo fraudulent bankruptcy: bankruptcy is due to the business person ordering advance by the deceptive tricks in order to usurp the property of the creditor• Based on the object file petition to declare bankruptcyo voluntary bankruptcy Is due to the free enterprise filed a petition Bridge declared bankrupt when found himself losing the ability to pay debt to the limit and there's no way to overcome loss debt settlement capabilities to the limit.
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