Overview of the system of railway transportationVietnam's railway network has a total length of 3,013 km of which 2,531 km line, 612km branch and the ga consists of 3 types: 1000 mm gauge occupies 85%, 1435 mm gauge accounted for 6%, telescopic gauge (1000 mm & 1435 mm) accounted for 9%. Rail density reaches 7.9 km/1000km2. The railway network is distributed according to the 7 main shaft is: Hanoi-Saigon-Hanoi-Hai Phong, Hanoi-Dong Dang, Hanoi-Lao Cai-Hanoi-Quan, double-Save, dual-Halong.Technical standards of railway infrastructure, our country is still at a low level and backward: the average of monitoring an left more small radius curve, the slope (Unified Online imax = 17 parts per thousand); bridges over nearly 100 years of exploitation, the small load (P = 14 tons of axis); basement water leakage weathered; many kinds of sleepers; information-signal to run the ship backward and not yet synchronized, secure corridors, rail transport segments suffered severe assault, railroad crossings by road and dreads have very high density (a total of 1,464 have horizontal lines, over 4,000 self dreads opening). 1.1.2. Achievements have been achieved1.1.2.1. About transportation infrastructureRail transportation system gradually refit to upgrade safety enhancement and shorter run time (42h to 29h on Unity, 10 h to 8 h on the Hanoi-Lao Cai); the railway project Alone-PHA Lai-ha Long-CAI LAN, upgrade some weak bridge ...1.1.2.2. About transport1.1.2.2. About transport+ Rail transportreduce the proportion of both freight and passengers.Transport for each specialization-On rail transport: Passenger transport volume has increased from 10.6 million passengers in 2006, up 11.6 million passengers in 2013, the average growth rate of 1.0% per year and the amount of rotation passengers increase from 3,426 .1 million weekly HK.km 2006 up .5 million 4,475 weekly HK.km in 2013, the average growth rate of 3.0% per year.The volume of rail freight has increased from 6.45 million tons in 2006, up 7.98 million tonnes in 2013, the average growth reached 2.4% per year and the amount of liquid cargo rose from 2,054 .4 million T.km 2006 up 3,854 million T.km in 2013, the average growth rate reached 7.6% per year.Although rail transport often prevails in the transportation of goods, passengers, large volume compared to other transport modes. However, currently the rate assumed for railway transport is still very small compared with the land, the growth rate is also very low in terms of both freight and passengers. -Rail: first successful conversion of low-capacity machines, more fuel consumption to the first generation of high-capacity machines, less waste of fuel. Initially the first totally new tractors propel. Close completely the new wagon types with new closing ratio is 20% of the total number of existing wagons full of railway industry. Technology and application of new materials to produce a range of new products such as: new push pull trains, new air conditioners, wagons, carriages, wagons, cargo container two-story; brake valve manufacturing, navigation price wagon types in that is redirecting the air-spring type is disk brake for senior guests wagons; built some kind of replacement parts are of high quality. In the field of manufacturing industry of high quality wagons have successful application of new technology is the technology of composite materials.1. the railway industry: the technical infrastructure of the rail industry is still poor, the old and backward technology; Although close are wagons but the main components still have to import.1.3. The existence, limitingRail:Technical standards-most online are low, mainly due to be built since the beginning of the last century with a specification limit of 1000 mm narrow gauge railway (except for the new construction in the North in the 1960s-70s of the 20th century as East-Liu, Ha Long double-technical standard 1435 mm gauge , but also just the equivalent of level rail gauge of 1435 mm).-Special 2 main routes have large transport volume is North-South routes (Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh City) and the West (Saddle – Lao Cai) have limited technical standards about the average and vertical monitoring should not promote was running speed and capacity through low. Pituitary specific Member-Lao Cai: the capacity through the saturation threshold has come, cannot exceed 20 double train/day on the yen Bai-Lao Cai. North-South rail route has restricted passage areas with rugged terrain, such as gradient strokes, Slots pass Hai Van pass has a imax = 17 parts per thousand.Chất lượng kết cấu hạ tầng còn yếu kém, lạc hậu cả về cầu hầm, đường ga, thông tin tín hiệu cũng như giao cắt đường sắt, đường bộ và hành lang an toàn đường sắt. Hệ quả là tốc độ chạy tàu thấp, do cầu yếu, nền đường yếu, kiến trúc tầng trên lạc hậu, sức kéo đầu máy hạn chế do đường ga ngắn chỉ xấp xỉ Ldd=400m trên các tuyến có nhu cầu vận chuyển cao như Yên Viên - Lào Cai, tuyến Bắc Nam. Ngoài ra, do điều kiện địa hình và khí hậu khắc nghiệt, hàng năm thường bị mưa bão phá hủy, hiện tượng xói lở sụt trượt thường xuyên xảy ra trên tuyến Yên Viên - Lào Cai và đường sắt miền Trung trên tuyến Bắc Nam.Sự yếu kém, lạc hậu của kết cấu hạ tầng đường sắt là một trong những nguyên nhân chính làm giảm thị phần vận tải ngày càng đi xuống của đường sắt Việt Nam trong thời gian qua.
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