Resources, the marine environment-problems and some solutions Wednesday, February 27, 2013 13: 34Resource extraction issues and protection of the marine environment in many areas, the country is standing in front of many challenges, many resources were depleted, mining environment contaminated parts of the sea that has caused more serious damage, hinder the socio-economic development of many countries. The purpose of this article to find out the reality of the problem of resources, the marine environment is facing today and to sum up some user specific solutions are being applied in many countries aiming to sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the marine environment.1. Introduction to the issue of resources, the marine environment and the worldAt present, the pressure of the rate of population growth, increasing demand and higher economic growth in the context of land resources increasingly exhausted as promoting progressive tendencies of the sea, marine mining, enriched from the sea, but it is often associated with the method of extraction of lacking sustainability; mining activities are mainly focused on the goals of economic development in order to achieve the maximum desirable, while lightly the work of protecting the environment, or do not have or lack of master plans, blueprints, specifically, along with the loose management of many countries in the world, particularly in the context of the impact of climate change with the main manifestation is the rise in sea level and the temperature of the Earth, the issue of exploitation of natural resources and protection of the marine environment in many regions, countries increasingly face more challenges, more resources were tapped exhaustmarine environment, where contaminated to the point of alarm.Research results of the United Nations, FAO and other international organizations have pointed out that, now more than 80% of the global fish exploited, including up to 25% of the global fish suffer from exploitation (overexploited) or was depleted (depleted), while many other marine species is standing before the risk of annihilation when catches rising to 90% in recent years here.Besides the reality many sources of marine mineral resources, oil and gas resources and non-renewable marine resources are excessively exploited, lack of sustainability, the destruction of coral reefs, mangrove forests, sea grass rugs also on a rise in many parts of the world. According to estimates, the seaweed takes 30-60% and mangroves-occupies 1/3 of the world's forest area – take up to 70% and about 11 percent of coral reefs worldwide have been destroyed completely in 1998. Over the past 20 years, Southeast Asian countries have lost 12% of its coral reefs, 48% of coral reefs are in serious recession. The reef is often the Habitat of about 1/4 the fish, is also home to the other marine species. The loss of coral reefs and would cause severe impaired fish intake, even lead to the extinction of some sea creatures as they are no longer the place to reside and breed. This does not only affect the environment but also the cause of several socio-economic problems caused by the shortage of food supply for the people living in the Islands and coastal regions, trailed by the mass exodus from coastal regions to the central regions of ...With the decline, exhausted much of sea resources by exploitation, using unreasonable and lack of sustainability, marine environment in many areas on earth are subject to many challenges and serious threats as the growing coastal populations, coastal economic activities has been developedmany coastal river is polluted by sewage from industrial, urban drainage, together with widespread destruction of mangroves on the increase, and the increase of the frequency and severity of the effects of storm flood disaster due to climate change and. ..In a report by the Center for Ocean Solutions (Center for Ocean Solutions) published in May 2009 entitled "ecosystems and human beings of the Pacific: threats and opportunities for action", with the participation of more than 30 scientists in the natural realm, physical and social, from information sources, data analysis of 3,400 articles, scientific reports of more than 50 countries and territories, the report outlined details of the main threats to the marine environment and the ocean, the effect and give the roadmap along with measures to deal with this threat. According to research findings from the report, the main threats to the marine environment are faced in 50 countries and territories having, in rich countries and poor countries, in countries, regions, Islands and sparsely populated or have a very general level of discipline are very common and are at the level of the alert that is:(i) environmental pollution originates from the land and from the sea,(ii) destroy natural habitat,(iii) exploitation and excessive fishing,(iv) the impact of climate change,(v) Lastly, the threat to the environment that is: the penetration of exotic species and the resonance of the threats mentioned above.2. Trends in the solution of a number of countries in order to exploit resources rationally and protect the marine environmentOver the years, to solve the problems arising in relation to the sea in each country in order to work towards reasonable resources, protection of the environment for sustainable development of the sea, the general trend shows that the countries in the world also has many efforts, constantly build, deploy multiple policies, measures, programmes and planning in order to exploit, effective use of resources and protect the marine environment, the sustainable development of the country and up to now, many countries have achieved progress and remarkable success. Key measures and initiatives aimed at tapping, effective use of resources and protection of the marine environment of landlocked countries, we can see that the overall trend of the handbills to focus on some of the following:(1) strengthen construction, legal system perfect to tap rationality of resources and protecting the environment, promoting sustainable development of the seaIn China, along with the enactment of environmental protection law of the sea, to date China has issued many different text in order to promote economic development, the sea coupled with the protection of the environment, mining, sustainable use of sea resources, such as the law on the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of ChinaManagement rules, use and protection of uninhabited islands of ...Like many other countries, China has built, finishing systems, legal instruments irrational exploitation of natural resources and environmental protection, promote sustainable development of the sea, for example, the United States adopted the law of the sea in 2000, Canada had built up and issued the law of the sea since 1997Australia, with the law of conservation of biodiversity and protection of the environment, in which a comprehensive application for sea. The construction and enactment of the law, by-law text the law of the sea has created a solid legal basis, ensuring the successful implementation of integrated management, rational exploitation of natural resources and protection of the marine environment in many countries there are in the sea.(2) complete the institutional framework to manage the seaCùng với việc hoàn thiện pháp luật về biển, hệ thống quản lý môi trường biển mới cũng được được xây dựng và phát triển tại nhiều quốc gia, nhằm đảm bảo tính thống nhất xuyên suốt, cắt giảm chi phí hành chính, thúc đẩy công tác trao đổi thông tin và dữ liệu, đạt được hiệu quả cao trong công tác qui họach phát triển bền vững biển... Tại Nhật Bản, sau khi ban hành Luật cơ bản về Biển năm 2007, Nhật đã thành lập một cơ quan đầu mối về chính sách biển tổng hợp do Thủ tướng đứng đầu, nhằm thúc đẩy biện pháp về biển một cách tập trung và tổng hợp; hoặc tại Úc, sau khi ban hành chính sách biển quốc gia, Úc đã đưa ra một loạt những điều chỉnh cơ cấu tổ chức bao gồm việc thành lập một Ủy ban bộ trưởng biển quốc gia cùng với nhóm cố vấn biển quốc gia, văn phòng biển quốc gia và một ban chỉ đạo qui họach biển, trong đó chức năng của Ủy ban bộ trưởng biển quốc gia tập trung vào việc điều phối chính sách biển, giám sát quá trình kế hoạch phân vùng biển, xây dựng các chương trình, kế họach thực thi chính sách biển quốc gia, đề xuất ưu tiên nghiên cứu biển liên quan đến phát triển và thực thi chính sách biển Úc.(3) to fix pollution and severe environmental degradation and increase control, prevent marine pollution sourcesTo solve the problem of marine pollution originates from the land and from the sea, much of the action program aims to redress pollution and serious environmental degradation with the score, the area is contaminated and severe recession have been deployed; the deal, to resolve environmental disasters at sea and coastal areas, protect and
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