Alloy Steel is the main ingredient is iron (Fe), with carbon (C), from 0.02% to 2.14% by weight, and some other chemical elements. They increase the stiffness, limited movement of iron atoms in the crystal structure under the influence of many different causes. Different number of elements and their proportion in the steel aims to control the quality objectives such as hardness, elasticity, pliancy, and tensile strength. High carbon steel with rate may increase hardness and elongation strength than iron but more brittle and fragile. The ratio of carbon dissolved in the iron maximum is 2.14% by weight (in austenitic condition) occurs at 1,147 degrees Celsius; if a higher carbon and lower solubility temperature in the manufacturing process, the product will be cementation with less effort. Mix with a higher carbon 2.06% will be iron. Steel also be distinguished from wrought iron, wrought iron because there is little or no carbon, usually less than 0.035%. Today we call steel industry (not called iron and steel industry), but in history, it's 2 different products. Today there are a few types of steel in which the carbon is replaced with a mixture of other materials, and carbon if, just as unpopular.
Before the Renaissance it was made of steel with inferior methods efficiency, but the 17th century after finding more effective method is the use of steel becomes more popular. With the invention of the Bessemer process to keep the 19th century, steel has become a commodity to be mass produced less costly. During the manufacturing process such as better refining oxygen blowing method, the lower the production cost and increase the quality of the metal. Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world and is the main ingredient in the construction, furniture, industrial mechanics. Typically steel is divided into several levels and the rating agencies confirm its own standard.
Features [edit | edit source] Like most metals, basically, does not exist in iron crust as prime land, it exists only when combined with oxygen or sulfur. Iron in the form of minerals including Fe2O3-a type of iron oxide mineral hematite in, and FeS2 - iron sulphide ores. Iron ore is removed from by reducing oxygen or iron in combination with a chemical elements like carbon. This process is called smelting, was first applied to the metal with a lower melting point. Copper melts at over 1,080 ° C temperature, while tin melts at 250 ° C. Mixed with carbon in iron is 2.14% higher than cast iron melts at 1,392 ° C. All this temperature can be achieved with the old methods have been used for at least 6,000 years ago. When the oxidation rate of about 800 ° C increase, the metal must take place in an environment with low oxygen. During the mixing of carbon steel and iron can form a lot of different structures with features different. Understanding this is very important to have quality steels. At normal temperatures, the most stable form of iron is iron ferrite has centered cubic structure (BCC) or iron, a soft metal material, can decompose a small amount of carbon (less than 0.02% temperature 911 ° C). If over 911 ° C, the ferrite will move from the center of mass (BCC) to the surface center (FCC), called austenite, this type of material is a soft metal, but it may degrade more carbon (2.14 % carbon 1,147 ° C temperature). One way to remove carbon from the austenite is kind of mixed cementation out there, and for pure iron in the form of a mixture of ferrite and create cementation-ferrite. Cementation is a chemical compound with the formula Fe3C. Steel modern [edit | edit source] bearing cable is made from high tensile steel with modern steel is made by many different groups of alloys, depending on the chemical composition of the elements on which gives the products suitable for their individual use. Carbon steel consists of two main elements are iron and carbon, accounts for 90% the proportion of products made out of steel. Low alloy steel with high durability adds a few other elements (always
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