Research management system of R. Likert
Using original research in Michigan as a starting point, R.Likert has conducted extensive research indicates that the prevailing management style of the organization can be described in a continuous line from system 1 to system 4
the system is described as follows:
system 1: leaders do not trust, do not trust the subordinates. Leaders make decisions independently associated imperative their subordinates. Subordinate obedience absolutely required to perform in fear, threats, punishment, few rewards and demands are fulfilled only at the level of physiological and safety.
System system 2: the leader tried and trusted reliable subordinates. Superior & inferior same decentralized and responsible at a certain level in order to ensure the attainment of the objectives of the organization but does not affect some work related rewards and penalties overt or latent used to encourage subordinates
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