History [page | edit source code]From 1918, the Soviet Government decided to take the water from the two rivers, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya in the South to the Northeast irrigation in the desert, arid land around the Aral Sea into the rice field, melons, cereals, and cotton. Today Uzbekistan is one of the Nations leading world cotton exports.The work of digging the Canal started in large scale in the 1930s. Multiple channels are digging with poor quality, causing losses and evaporation; estimates, there are between 30% to 70% of the waste water from the Qaraqum Canal, the largest Central Asian channel. Today, 12% of the length of by PhraseFinder"> new irrigation channel in Uzbekistan have the ability to prevent water loss.Until the 1960s, a water volume from 20 to 50 billion cubic meters of water annually are by PhraseFinder"> resulting in the fields instead of flowing into the Aral Sea. Take a large amount of additional water, the Aral Sea began to retract from the 1960s. From 1961 to 1970, the water level turn the Aral to lower average 20 cm per year. Until the 1970s, the speed drop is 50-60 cm annually, the 1980s is 80-90 cm. The use of water for production, however, still be priorities, from 1960 to 1980, cotton output nearly doubled thanks to the amount of water taken on board the increase two times.From the 1960s, the Aral Sea started shrinking by the rivers of water next to it is the Amu Darya and Syr Darya being diverted for irrigation purposes. Today, the heavily polluted Aral, mainly a result of weapons testing, industrial projects and excess fertilizer from before and after the Soviet collapse.Ecological problems of the Aral Sea is the source of water for it to be used for irrigation purposes. From 40 years ago, the Aral Sea constantly from a narrow, enclosed sea co is the fourth largest in the world, it will evaporate by PhraseFinder"> completely within 10 years. This causes ecological and economic disaster for the area and the marine environment.The Soviet State got to know the fact very early on, at least before 1968 and accept the disappearance of the Aral Sea as an inevitability to the exchange for success in the field of agriculture and industry.We at the [source code editing page |]The Aral Sea now has lost 60% water and 80% water. In 1960, it is the fourth largest lake in the world with about 68 thousand km ² and 1,100 billion cubic metres (1,100 km ^ 3 cube). Until 1998, the Lake was still only 8th with an area of 28,687 km ². In the same time, the concentration of Salt Lake grew from 10 g/litre of 45 g/liter up. In 2004, an area of the Lake also 17,160 square kilometers, equivalent to 25% of the original area and still shrinking.The discovery of underground water sources emptying into Lake near here also do not offset the amount of water needed to float to prevent dehydration. The additional 4 billion source m ³ this annual greater than estimated before. It is the water line from the Pamir mountains and Tian Shan poured in through the layers of strata had the fault structure at the bottom of the Lake.In 1987, the Aral Sea was divided into two by the water level had dropped. A canal is formed to connect the two parts of Lakes but in 1999, this channel was no longer works when the water by PhraseFinder"> continue to lower. In 2003, the section South of the Lake (Aral) continue to be divided into the Eastern and western part. Also from this year, the amount of water loss from the Lake to the North (Aral) have somewhat limited.Sea recovery work is done in parts of the North Aral. irrigation works on the river Syr Darya has been improved in order to increase the amount of water pouring into the sea. In October 2003, the Government of Kazakhstan announced plans to build concrete dams (Kokaral Dam) separates the two halves the Aral Sea (North and South). Since the dam completed August 2005, the water level in the North Aral has swelled, the salt concentration is reduced. As of 2006, the Aral sea levels rise significantly, even sooner than expected. In a report, "the beating was quick to raise the water level in the Aral Sea (Aral) 125 feet from the 98-foot up and potentially up 138 feet". Fish by PhraseFinder"> stocks have returned, many observers, has suggested that the North Aral is an environmental catastrophe, was so surprised by the 2006 report about catching industry has recovered thanks to enough water and the fresh fish is exported to Ukraine. The restoration brought the by PhraseFinder"> clouds to create rain long absence along the small climatic changes, sparking hope for the rural areas which were reclaimed sand and hopes to expand the back of the sea. The Aral Sea before each of the city's port of Aralsk approximately 100 km to the South, only 25 km.South Aral Sea – lie mostly in Uzbekistan which poorer, were leaving to fate, but in the North Aral project has brought little hope. With the dam in the Northern Aral, water draining from this additional recurring for the southern part. The discussions are taking place about the possibility of by PhraseFinder"> resuming the channel between the North and South. South Aral are still shrinking, leaving the salt contamination of land, causing the sand storms, winter becomes colder and summers hotter. Efforts to limit this impact is greening the medium seas receded.Until the summer of 2003, the South Aral Sea lost faster than anticipated. In the deepest waters of the sea, the salty bottom water layer over layer of surface water and does not dissolve together again. Thus only the portion of surface water heated in the Sun and it evaporates faster calculations. According to recent figures, the western part of the South Aral Sea will disappear within 15 years, the eastern part will continue to exist but not sure about the fate of it anymore.The ecosystem of the Aral Sea and the river poured water into it nearly destroyed, not only by very high salt concentrations. The sea receded leaving the vast lands were covered by salt and toxic chemicals, things being moved around the region as wind dust. The land around the Aral Sea is heavily polluted and the people living in the region lacked clean water, suffer health problems such as some forms of cancer and lung diseases. Crops ruined by salt infiltration into the soil. The town of Moynaq in Uzbekistan has been the Harbour Bridge and busiest fishing industry use 60,000 workers, now located at sea several miles of hiking. The fishing boats are scattered on the coast, there are many that have been here for 20 years. Only a company caught alive thanks to fish from the Baltic Sea, which is thousands of kilometers.The disaster of the Aral Sea has been put on film.The possible solution [source page page |]Many different solutions to by PhraseFinder"> deal with the different problems of the Aral Sea is proposed in the past year:improve the quality of the irrigation channelconstruction of the desalination plantcharge farmers use water taken from the riverreplace cotton varieties that need less water [2].melt the ice on the Pamir mountains and put the country on the Aral Sea – short term solution to the price of the long-term consequenceslimit the use of chemicals in cotton cultivationconstruction of the dam to put water on the Aral Seawater from the river Volga, Ob, Irtysh. The solution is to restore the Aral Sea in 20-30 years at a cost of 40-50 billion [3]. by PhraseFinder"> Pumpand desalting sea water from the Caspian to the Aral Sea through qa pipeline system [4]In January 1994, the countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan signed a Treaty committing to spend 1% of the budget to restore the Aral Sea. Until 2006, the restoration project of the World Bank for the North Aral has brought the water level rise than expected, bringing both fragile belief that just the desperate picture.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..