The human brain, with an average weight of 1.4 kilograms, is the control center of the body. Itreceives information from the senses, processes the information, and rapidly sends out responses; Italso stores the information that is the source of human thoughts and feelings. Each of the three mainparts of the brain — the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem — has its own role in carrying outThese functions.The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85 percent of the brain by weight.The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering thenerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsiblefor receiving and decoding sensory messages from the body; the motor cortex, which sends actioninstructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, andprocesses information. It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think takeplace.The cerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is made of masses ofbunched up nerve cells. It is the cerebrum that controls human balance, coordination, and posture.The brain stem, which connects the cerebrum and the spinal cord, controls various bodyprocesses such as breathing and heartbeat. It is the major motor and sensory pathway connecting thebody and the cerebrum.
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