Ecotourism DefinitionThere is no un

Ecotourism Definition
There is no universally accepted definition of ecotourism. Evans-Pritchard and Salazar [1992, cited in Mowforth and Munt, 1998, p.104] note that “it is still not possible to be exact about whether the term 'ecotourism' is meant as a pure concept or as a term for wide public use”. Theoretically, ecotourism can be defined as a type of tourism where the environment, local community and visitor all benefit. In practice, the term ‘ecotourism' is often used by tour operators as a marketing tool to promote any form of tourism that is related to nature. As Wight [1994, p.39] notes:
“There seem to be two prevailing views of ecotourism: one envisages that public interest in the environment may be used to market a product; the other sees that this same interest may be used to conserve the resources upon which this product is based. These views need not be mutually exclusive”.
Various conferences have been held on ecotourism and responsible tourism to promote the latter view cited above. At the 1995 World Conference on Sustainable Tourism held in Lanzarote, it was agreed that:
“Tourism is sustainable when its development and operation include participation of local population, protection of the total environment, fair economic return for the industry and its host community, as well as a mutual respect for and gratification of all involved parties” [Jafari, 1996, p.959].
From such conferences and literature on ecotourism have emerged numerous principles to which tourism should adhere if it can be defined as ecotourism. These principles and guidelines are not merely theories espoused by “armchair geographers” as to what a “perfect” form of tourism would look like but are important if the tourism activities are to be viable in the long term. The principles of such ideal ecotourism are outlined below. These principles outline our definition of ecotourism.
Ecotourism and the environment:
The environment is one of the primary concerns of ecotourism, which often involves travel to relatively undisturbed areas. As the tourism product is often dependent upon nature, negative impacts upon that resource should be minimized. As Cater [1994] notes, even the most conscientious tourist will have some degree of impact on the environment and so ecotourism should therefore attempt to minimize that impact. Many studies of tourism attempt to identify an environmental carrying capacity but a major difficulty of this technique is that it “implies the existence of fixed and determinable limits to development and that if one stays below those threshold levels no changes or deterioration will occur” [Murphy, 1994, p.282; see also Gunn, 1994, Farrell & Runyan, 1991, p.31].
Ecotourism, the local population and economic benefits:
A definition of ecotourism must also take into account the local population - ecotourism should minimize negative impacts on the host community because otherwise the local population may come to dislike the presence of tourism, and this could undermine its long-term prospects. Tourism is likely to have the greatest socio-cultural impacts on small, isolated communities [Pearce, 1994] which may themselves be one of the tourist attractions. As a result, any cultural changes in the community's way of life may reduce the tourism product's overall marketability and therefore future prospects. At the same time, ecotourism should produce direct economic benefits for the local community if it is to receive their continued support – benefits that should compliment rather than overwhelm traditional practices and sources of income [Wallace & Pierce, 1996]. However, such economic benefits and material wealth obtained by the local community may themselves lead to cultural changes in their way of life. The literature on ecotourism asserts that economic benefits should be accrued by the host community whilst at the same timepreserving the environment and cultural way of life of that community. Little of the literature acknowledges the fact that the two will often be mutually exclusive. An article by Wall [1997] notes that “ecotourism is an agent of change” [p.490]. He also notes the widespread misuse of the term “sustainable tourism”, asserting that it should be considered as “tourism which is in a form which can maintain its viability in an area for an indefinite period or time” [ Butler , 1993, cited in Wall, 1997, p.486]. Considering that “ecotourism is not automatically sustainable” [Wall, 1997, p.490], it may have to be viewed as part of a longer term strategy of sustainable development in which tourism is later phased out [Prosser, 1994]. Such an argument questions the underlying principle of ecotourism – that it is a sustainable form of tourism.
It is widely agreed that the host population should receive economic benefits from ecotourism. Without economic benefits, the host community will have little reason to view the intrusion of tourists positively and will have little incentive to protect the environment

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

Ecotourism DefinitionThere is no universally accepted definition of ecotourism. Evans-Pritchard and Salazar [1992, cited in Mowforth and Munt, 1998, p. 104] note that "it is still not possible to be exact about whether the term ' ecotourism ' is meant as a pure concept or as a term for wide public use." Theoretically, ecotourism can be defined as a type of tourism where the environment, the local community and visitor all benefit. In practice, the term ' ecotourism ' is often used by tour operators as a marketing tool to promote any form of tourism that is related to nature. As Wight [1994, p. 39] notes:"There seem to be two prevailing views of ecotourism: one envisages that public interest in the environment may be used to market a product; the other sees that this same interest may be used to conserve the resources upon which this product is based. These views need not be mutually exclusive. "Various conferences have been held on ecotourism and responsible tourism to promote the latter view cited above. At the 1995 World Conference on Sustainable Tourism held in Lanzarote, it was agreed that:"Tourism is sustainable when its development and operation include participation of local population, the protection of the total environment, fair economic return for the industry and its host community, as well as a mutual respect for and gratification of all involved parties" [Jafari, 1996, p. 959].From such conferences and literature on ecotourism have emerged numerous principles to which tourism should adhere if it can be defined as ecotourism. These principles and guidelines are not merely theories espoused by “armchair geographers” as to what a “perfect” form of tourism would look like but are important if the tourism activities are to be viable in the long term. The principles of such ideal ecotourism are outlined below. These principles outline our definition of ecotourism.Ecotourism and the environment:The environment is one of the primary concerns of ecotourism, which often involves travel to relatively undisturbed areas. As the tourism product is often dependent upon nature, negative impacts upon that resource should be minimized. As Cater [1994] notes, even the most conscientious tourist will have some degree of impact on the environment and so ecotourism should therefore attempt to minimize that impact. Many studies of tourism attempt to identify an environmental carrying capacity but a major difficulty of this technique is that it “implies the existence of fixed and determinable limits to development and that if one stays below those threshold levels no changes or deterioration will occur” [Murphy, 1994, p.282; see also Gunn, 1994, Farrell & Runyan, 1991, p.31].Ecotourism, the local population and economic benefits:A definition of ecotourism must also take into account the local population - ecotourism should minimize negative impacts on the host community because otherwise the local population may come to dislike the presence of tourism, and this could undermine its long-term prospects. Tourism is likely to have the greatest socio-cultural impacts on small, isolated communities [Pearce, 1994] which may themselves be one of the tourist attractions. As a result, any cultural changes in the community's way of life may reduce the tourism product's overall marketability and therefore future prospects. At the same time, ecotourism should produce direct economic benefits for the local community if it is to receive their continued support – benefits that should compliment rather than overwhelm traditional practices and sources of income [Wallace & Pierce, 1996]. However, such economic benefits and material wealth obtained by the local community may themselves lead to cultural changes in their way of life. The literature on ecotourism asserts that economic benefits should be accrued by the host community whilst at the same timepreserving the environment and cultural way of life of that community. Little of the literature acknowledges the fact that the two will often be mutually exclusive. An article by Wall [1997] notes that “ecotourism is an agent of change” [p.490]. He also notes the widespread misuse of the term “sustainable tourism”, asserting that it should be considered as “tourism which is in a form which can maintain its viability in an area for an indefinite period or time” [ Butler , 1993, cited in Wall, 1997, p.486]. Considering that “ecotourism is not automatically sustainable” [Wall, 1997, p.490], it may have to be viewed as part of a longer term strategy of sustainable development in which tourism is later phased out [Prosser, 1994]. Such an argument questions the underlying principle of ecotourism – that it is a sustainable form of tourism.It is widely agreed that the host population should receive economic benefits from ecotourism. Without economic benefits, the host community will have little reason to view the intrusion of tourists positively and will have little incentive to protect the environment

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

Ecotourism Definition
There is no universally accepted definition of Ecotourism. Evans-Pritchard and Salazar [1992, cited in Mowforth and Munt, 1998, p.104] notes có "it is still not possible The nếu to be exact about the term 'Ecotourism' is muốn as a pure concept or as a term for wide public use ". Theoretically, Ecotourism can be defined as a type of tourism where the environment, the local community and visitor all Benefit. In practice, the term 'Ecotourism' is used by tour operators often Do as a marketing tool to Promote any form of tourism related to nature nằm. As Wight [1994, p.39] notes:
"There Seem to be two relevant in the prevailing views of Ecotourism: one envisages public interest in the environment có garment market a product to be used; the other, this same interest có SEES garment to conserve the resources be used this product is based upon mà. These views need not be loại từ lẫn nhau ".
Various conferences được on Ecotourism and responsible tourism Held to Promote the latter view cited above. At the 1995 World Conference on Sustainable Tourism in Lanzarote giữ, it was Agreed truth:
"Tourism is Sustainable development and operation include khi nó Participation of the local population, protection of the total environment, fair return for the industry Economic và host community, as well as a mutual respect for and gratification of all parties involved "[Jafari, 1996, p.959].
From vd conferences and literature have emerged on Ecotourism Principles Numerous adhere to if it shouldnt mà tourism can be defined as Ecotourism. These Principles and guidelines are not merely espoused Theories by "armchair geographers" as to what a "perfect" form of tourism would look like if the tourism but are Important Activities are to be Viable in the long term. The Principles of Ecotourism are outlined below vd ideal. These Principles outline our definition of Ecotourism.
Ecotourism and the environment:
The environment is one of the primary Concerns of Ecotourism, mà often Do Relatively undisturbed involves travel to which areas. As the product is often Do dependent upon tourism nature, negative Impacts upon resource có nên minimized. As Carter [1994] notes, the most conscientious tourist thậm have some degree of impact sẽ on the environment and so therefore shouldnt Ecotourism có thử minimize impact. Many studies of tourism thử an Environmental diện Carrying capacity but a major difficulty of this technique is how few "là the Existence of fixed and determinable limits to development and honest if one stays below threshold levels những no changes or deterioration sẽ occur" [Murphy , 1994, p.282; see also Gunn, 1994, Farrell & Runyan, 1991, p.31].
Ecotourism, the local population and economic benefits:
A definition of Ecotourism phải am also take Into account the local population - shouldnt minimize negative Ecotourism Impacts on the host community otherwise vì unfortunately the local population come to dislike the presence of tourism, and this could undermine prospects nó Long-term. Tourism is Likely to have the greatest Socio-cultural Impacts on small, isolated communities' [Pearce, 1994] Which unfortunately be one of the tourist Themselves attractions. As a result, any changes in the community's cultural way of life unfortunately Reduce the overall tourism product's marketability and therefore future prospects. At the same time, Ecotourism shouldnt tạo direct benefits for the local community Economic if it is to receive continued support có - cần compliment benefits overwhelm traditional thay sources of income and practices [Wallace & Pierce, 1996]. Tuy nhiên, benefits and material wealth Economic có thu được by the local community lead to cultural changes sewing Themselves trong way of life. The literature on Ecotourism asserts có Economic benefits accrued by the host nên whilst at the same community environment and cultural timepreserving the way of life of có community. Little of the literature acknowledges the fact often Do sẽ là là loại từ lẫn nhau two. An article by the Wall [1997] notes có "Ecotourism is an agent of change" [p.490]. He notes cũng Widespread misuse of the term the "Sustainable Tourism", asserting nên Considered as little as "tourism in a form đó mà nó Maintain intervention in an area viability for an indefinite period or time" [Butler, 1993, cited in Wall, 1997, p.486]. Considering có "Sustainable Ecotourism is not automatically" [Wall, 1997, p.490], it unfortunately have to be viewed as part of a longer term strategy of Sustainable tourism development is chứa later phased out [Prosser, 1994]. Such an underlying principle of the questions presented arguments Ecotourism - A Sustainable khi có form of tourism.
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