4. The vocative
in a language, the vocative always manifest psychological characteristics, sticky thought and culture of a people. Vietnamese in the vocative very rich and complex. In addition to the personal pronouns such as I, me, me, you, him, him; us, we tao, we get, them, them he also has a large number of contacts lists from relatives as you - you, Mrs. -, my boy - me ... to replace the pronoun and personal nouns tend to dominate the personal pronouns. The system is said to vocative cultural characteristics of Vietnam. They are applied depending on the speaker's feelings and circumstances when talking. The same contact person, one can use different pairs of address such as you- you, I - I, he - I, you - I'm depending on each case. By contrast in Western languages and common parlance of China only use personal pronouns such as I, you, he, SHE, Han, the fall term, atrial (corn, sweatshirts). If you compare the list of contacts from relatives in the language, we will see many different points as interesting, humorous and bizarre. For example, in Vietnamese children (boys, girls) just the next generation, but not the child, including the child; His son, sister and brother. In English also grand child, nephew and niece. But if you teach Vietnamese to English, American children can be children again, I could be more. For example, a young man asked: I do not have children? or say unto the elders, I do not dare, sir! Thus the vocative speak characteristic social and cultural context of each language, should be studied by a combination of culture and language.
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