Access multi-dimensional poverty in VIETNAM1. Concepts:-Poverty means not having enough to eat, enough to wear, do not go to school, do not take the examination, no land for cultivation or no career to feed themselves, do not have access to credit. Poverty also means insecurity, have no rights, and excluded individuals, households and communities. Poor means vulnerable to violence, to live outside the margins of society or of the conditions of risk, do not have access to clean water and safe sanitation-Poverty is a measure, is the criteria to identify the poor or not poor object. The poverty line based on income or expenditure, is the money, from the conception is to satisfy the minimum basic needs, each person should have an income/expenditure at the level of the minimum to satisfy that demand.-NĐC: poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, the condition of poverty should be seen as a deficiency, not met the basic needs of the people. Therefore, to measure poverty according to the multidimensional approach, the need to combine multiple dimensions/indicators to capture the shortage of basic needs are different, and offers comprehensive information for reducing poverty, enhancing security, and social development.2. why need to change the approach to measuring poverty from single to multi dimensional dimension?Over time, the poverty, the poverty rate and the poverty in Vietnam objects defined entirely based on the income criteria, in which poverty is determined according to the method of "the cost of basic needs". Basic needs include the genus for the minimum needs of food, food and more for the needs of food/non food Essentials (education, health, housing ...).The income approach does not match the computer's multidimensional poverty, because: -First, some basic human needs not be rules out of money (such as social security, participation, social status, etc.) or cannot buy with money (transportation access, markets, roads and other infrastructure types, security, the environment, medical services, education, etc.). -Second, with households having incomes above poverty then in some cases the income that will not be spent for the minimum needs; for reasons such as no access to services at home, or instead of spending for education or health, income can be spent on tobacco, alcohol and other purposes. In particular, when Vietnam became the average low income countries in 2010 with the speed of urbanization, industrialization and migration are very fast, this method as revealed many limitations.-Measuring multi-dimensional poverty trends were more countries around the world step by step apply (approximately 20 countries), and UNDP, WB recommended the country should use instead of poor single-dimensional measurement3. Vietnam will advance to the multidimensional poverty measurement application?b. the construction of multidimensional poverty on the basis of:-Determine the extent of the deficiency in the afternoon (depending on the ability and the level of response to the budget);-Construction of a minimum living standard, the standard of food poverty (extreme living) to classify the object.As such, the poor according to the multidimensional poverty will be understood to have a per capita income below the minimum standard of living (or extreme living) and deficiency of at least X and up.To define multi-dimensional poverty, Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs will coordinate with the General Department of statistics, the parties concerned conduct research, build, the issuing authority.c. build options, investigate, identify objects multidimensional poverty, this work by the Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs, training guide, directing the locally made; synthesis of the results of the investigation, the classification of the object.d. on the basis of multi-dimensional poverty census results, the proposed poverty reduction policy towards:- Đối với nhóm đối tượng có thu nhập dưới mức sống tối thiểu và thiếu hụt ít nhất từ 1 chiều trở lên (giả định), sẽ áp dụng một số chính sách về an sinh xã hội như y tế, giáo dục và chính sách cho vay vốn tín dụng ưu đãi, tạo việc làm, tạo thu nhập;- Đối với nhóm đối tượng có thu nhập dưới mức sống cùng cực và thiếu hụt từ X chiều trở lên (tập trung vào nhóm dân tộc thiểu số), ngoài các chính sách nêu trên, sẽ ban ban hành các chính sách đặc thù để trợ giúp;- Đối với nhóm đối tượng có thu nhập cao hơn chuẩn mức sống tối thiểu nhưng thiếu hụt ít nhất từ 1 chiều trở lên, sẽ hỗ trợ để tiếp cận để bù đắp chiều thiếu hụt; việc hỗ trợ và mức độ tùy thuộc vào khả năng cân đối ngân sách và định hướng phổ cập để giải quyết;- Đối với nhóm đối tượng tiếp cận đầy đủ các chiều nhưng thu nhập thấp hơn mức sống tối thiểu (thất nghiệp tạm thời) sẽ sử dụng chính sách hỗ trợ tiếp cận thị trường để trợ giúp như bảo hiểm thất nghiệp, đào tạo lại);- Đối với nhóm đối tượng có thu nhập trên mức sống tối thiểu và tiếp cận đầy đủ các chiều, sẽ sử dụng chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô để tác động, không thuộc đối tượng giảm nghèo và an sinh xã hội.e. construction of tools for monitoring, evaluation policy, the proposed amendment, addition or repeal the policy ineffective.Shifting approaches to poverty measurement from single to multi dimensional dimension must first create consensus on perceptions of the departments and society as a whole; need to build specific implementation roadmap, and do not tamper with the system of the current poverty reduction policy, does not increase the budget, ensure transparency, efficiency in implementing poverty reduction process the next time.
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