-Fast-growing, thriving: compared to other creatures, the microorganisms growth speed and proliferate extremely large.-Widely distributed, many categories: microorganisms are distributed everywhere on Earth. Types of diversity and abundance.During the operation, besides the characteristic useful microbial, also caused much harm to people, animals, plants, such as altering the quality of medicines, food, some damage is capable of causing disease or harmful ToxinTo cater to the food and drug testing by the microbial testing we need to find out some of the main characteristics of the two groups of microorganisms are bacteria and fungi.-Powerful and easy adaptation capacity arises variations: the capacity of adaptation of microorganisms crossed far compared with animals and plants. In the long evolutionary process, VSV have created for themselves the mechanisms that regulate metabolism to adapt to the conditions of life are so detrimental. They noticed the amount of enzyme adaptation makes up 10% of the volume that contains the proteins in cells. The adaptation of micro-organisms sometimes exceeds the imagination of man. The majority of microorganisms can remain alive in the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-1960C), even in liquid hydrogen temperature (-2530C). VSV is easy to arise because the variation is usually single-celled, haploid, fast growth, number of lots, in direct contact with the environment. Form of common variation are mutations and lead to changes in morphology, texture, type of metabolism, metabolic products, Antigen, resistance, ... Such as the ability to search out new born antibiotic of the fungi Penicillium chrysogenum fibers, people extracted to yield 20 units produces penicillin grows in 1 ml room fermentation.4.1.2. Microbes (Bacteria)
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