Access multi-dimensional poverty in VIETNAM1. Concepts:-Poverty means not having enough to eat, enough to wear, do not go to school, do not take the examination, no land for cultivation or no career to feed themselves, do not have access to credit. Poverty also means insecurity, have no rights, and excluded individuals, households and communities. Poor means vulnerable to violence, to live outside the margins of society or of the conditions of risk, do not have access to clean water and safe sanitation-Poverty is a measure, is the criteria to identify the poor or not poor object. The poverty line based on income or expenditure, is the money, from the conception is to satisfy the minimum basic needs, each person should have an income/expenditure at the level of the minimum to satisfy that demand.-NĐC: poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, the condition of poverty should be seen as a deficiency, not met the basic needs of the people. Therefore, to measure poverty according to the multidimensional approach, the need to combine multiple dimensions/indicators to capture the shortage of basic needs are different, and offers comprehensive information for reducing poverty, enhancing security, and social development.2. why need to change the approach to measuring poverty from single to multi dimensional dimension?Over time, the poverty, the poverty rate and the poverty in Vietnam objects defined entirely based on the income criteria, in which poverty is determined according to the method of "the cost of basic needs". Basic needs include the genus for the minimum needs of food, food and more for the needs of food/non food Essentials (education, health, housing ...).The income approach does not match the computer's multidimensional poverty, because: -First, some basic human needs not be rules out of money (such as social security, participation, social status, etc.) or cannot buy with money (transportation access, markets, roads and other infrastructure types, security, the environment, medical services, education, etc.). -Second, with households having incomes above poverty then in some cases the income that will not be spent for the minimum needs; for reasons such as no access to services at home, or instead of spending for education or health, income can be spent on tobacco, alcohol and other purposes. In particular, when Vietnam became the average low income countries in 2010 with the speed of urbanization, industrialization and migration are very fast, this method as revealed many limitations.-Measuring multi-dimensional poverty trends were more countries around the world step by step apply (approximately 20 countries), and UNDP, WB recommended the country should use instead of poor single-dimensional measurement3. Vietnam will advance to the multidimensional poverty measurement application?b. the construction of multidimensional poverty on the basis of:-Determine the extent of the deficiency in the afternoon (depending on the ability and the level of response to the budget);-Construction of a minimum living standard, the standard of food poverty (extreme living) to classify the object.As such, the poor according to the multidimensional poverty will be understood to have a per capita income below the minimum standard of living (or extreme living) and deficiency of at least X and up.To define multi-dimensional poverty, Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs will coordinate with the General Department of statistics, the parties concerned conduct research, build, the issuing authority.c. build options, investigate, identify objects multidimensional poverty, this work by the Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs, training guide, directing the locally made; synthesis of the results of the investigation, the classification of the object.d. on the basis of multi-dimensional poverty census results, the proposed poverty reduction policy towards:-For target groups with incomes below minimal living standards and lack at least from 1 pm or over (assumed), will adopt a number of policies on social welfare such as health, education and policy for credit loan incentives, create employment, generate income;-For group objects have an income below the standard of living and lack of extreme from X and above (focusing on ethnic minority groups), in addition to the above policies, will ban issued specific policies to help;-For group objects have a higher income for minimum living standard but lack at least from 1 pm or over, will assist to reach out to offset the lack of height; and the level of support depends on the ability to balance the budget and universal orientation to solve;-For group of objects approaching the full width but lower income minimum living standards (temporary unemployment) will use the policy supporting access to markets to help such as unemployment insurance, retraining);-For target groups with incomes above the minimum living standards and fully dimensional approach, will use the macro-economic policy to work, not subject to social security and poverty reduction.e. Xây dựng các công cụ để giám sát, đánh giá chính sách, đề xuất sửa đổi, bổ sung hoặc bãi bỏ chính sách không hiệu quả.Việc chuyển đổi phương pháp tiếp cận đo lường nghèo từ đơn chiều sang đa chiều trước hết phải tạo được sự đồng thuận về nhận thức của các cấp, các ngành và toàn xã hội; cần xây dựng được lộ trình thực hiện cụ thể, đồng thời không làm xáo trộn hệ thống chính sách giảm nghèo hiện hành, không làm tăng ngân sách, bảo đảm tính minh bạch, hiệu quả trong thực hiện tiến trình giảm nghèo thời gian tới./
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