This study presents an investigatio

This study presents an investigation of the unprecedented
26 July 2005 heavy rainfall event over Mumbai on the
western coast of India. Several known meteorological factors
contributed to the heavy rain over Mumbai, mainly
(1) the development of a low-pressure area over the
northwest Bay of Bengal, (2) the confluence of lowlevel
moisture-laden north and northwesterly winds and
a synoptic circulation from the northeast direction over
Mumbai, (3) an anomalously strong north-to-south temperature
gradient and locally high values of precipitable
water, (4) a mesoscale offshore vortex near Mumbai, and
(5) topography and other land surface feedbacks.
Features of the present study based on a high resolution
model are:
1. The WRF-ARW with high resolution (3.6 km)
set-up is able to simulate with reasonably good
accuracy the amount, intensity, timing and distribution
of this unusual rain event. The configuration
details included 3.6 km grid spacing, 5-layer slab
land surface model for surface energy balance,
Grell–D´ev´enyi ensemble scheme for convection
(for the outer domain), and one-way nested domain.
2. The synoptic scenario, which created a geostrophic
deformation for the temperature gradient, led
to a Q-vector convergence suggesting a strong
large-scale rising motion over Mumbai.
3. The simulation illustrates that in the region of largescale
rising atmospheric motion, heavy rains developed
in the form of intense rain cells with rain rates
of 150 mm h−1 that sequentially moved over Mumbai
and led to high rainfall totals. Moisture was
supplied from the Arabian Sea to the northwest.
4. An offshore mesoscale vortex formation over
Mumbai is well captured in the model simulation
that appears to have resulted from the combination
of large-scale and convective-scale interactions off
the west coast of India.
5. The present sensitivity experiments show that, in
addition to strong large-scale rising atmospheric
motion over Mumbai, the topography and the
land–ocean differential heating enhanced the rain
by over 50%.

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

This study presents an investigation of the unprecedented26 July 2005 heavy rainfall event over Mumbai on theWestern coast of India. Several known meteorological factorscontributed to the heavy rain over Mumbai, mainly(1) the development of a low-pressure area over theNorthwest Bay of Bengal, (2) at the confluence of lowlevelmoisture-laden north and northwesterly winds anda synoptic circulation from the northeast direction overMumbai, (3) an anomalously strong north-to-south temperaturegradient and locally high values of precipitablewater, (4) a mesoscale vortex offshore near Mumbai, and(5) the topography and other land surface feedbacks.Features of the present study based on a high resolutionmodel are:1. The WRF-ARW with high resolution (3.6 km)set-up is able to simulate with reasonably goodaccuracy the amount, intensity, timing and distributionof this unusual rain event. The configurationdetails included 3.6 km grid spacing, 5-layer slabland surface model for surface energy balance,Grell-D ev ´ ´ enyi ensemble scheme for convection(for the outer domain), and one-way nested domain.2. The synoptic scenario, which created a geostrophicdeformation for the temperature gradient, ledto a Q-vector convergence suggesting a stronglarge-scale rising motion over Mumbai.3. The simulation illustrates that in the region of largescalerising atmospheric motion, heavy rains developedin the form of intense rain cells with rain ratesof 150 mm h − 1 that moved sequentially over Mumbaiand led to high rainfall totals. Moisture wassupplied from the Arabian Sea to the northwest.4. An offshore mesoscale vortex formation overMumbai is well captured in the model simulationthat appears to have resulted from the combinationof large-scale and convective-scale interactions offthe west coast of India.5. The present sensitivity experiments show that, inaddition to strong large-scale rising atmosphericmotion over Mumbai, the topography and theland-ocean differential heating enhanced the rainby over 50%.

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

This study presents an unprecedented Investigation of the
26 July 2005 event heavy Rainfall over Mumbai on the
western coast of India. Several known Meteorological Factors
Contributed to the heavy rain over Mumbai, mainly
(1) the development of a low-pressure area over the
northwest Bay of Bengal, (2) the confluence of lowlevel
moisture-laden winds north and northwesterly and
a Synoptic circulation from the northeast direction over
Mumbai, (3) an anomalously strong north-to-south temperature
gradient and locally high values ​​of precipitable
water, (4) a mesoscale vortex near Mumbai offshore, and
(5) other topographies and land surface feedbacks.
Features of the present study based on a high resolution
model are:
1. The WRF-ARW with high resolution (3.6 km)
set-up is reasonably good thể simulate with
accuracy the amount, intensity, timing and distribution
of this unusual rain event. The configuration
details included 3.6 km grid spacing, 5-layer slab
surface land for surface energy balance model,
Grell-D'ev'enyi ensemble scheme for convection
(for the outer domain), and one-way nested domains.
2. The Synoptic scenario, mà created a geostrophic
deformation for the temperature gradient, led
to a Q-vector suggesting a strong convergence
Large-scale rising motion over Mumbai.
3. The simulation illustrates mà in the region of largescale
rising atmospheric motion, heavy rains Developed
in the form of intense rain cells with rain rates
of 150 mm h-1 mà sequentially moved over Mumbai
and led to high Rainfall totals. Moisture was
supplied from the Arabian Sea to the northwest.
4. An offshore mesoscale vortex formation over
Mumbai is well captured in the model simulation
to have resulted from mà vẻ the Combination
of Large-scale and convective-scale interactions off
the west coast of India.
5. The present sensitivity Experiments show that, print
Large-scale addition to strong rising atmospheric
motion over Mumbai, the topography and the
land-ocean, differential enhanced the rain heating
by over 50%.