Students who have successfully completed an A-level course may go to university to do a three-or four-year course leading to a first degree such as Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor ofScience (BSc), etc. They apply to several universities which then make an offer of a place specifying the minimum grades the student needs to obtain A level in the subjects studied. Higher education is not free. In principle, students have to pay a contribution to the cost of teaching(tuition fees) and have also to pay their living costs (maintenance). The government provides loans to help them pay for university education which have to be paid back from earnings once theirincome reaches a certain (39) _ _ _ _ _ _. In recent years government policy has been to (40) _ _ _ _ _ _ thepercentage of 18-year olds (41) _ _ _ _ _ _ go to university, which is now, at 40%, double the 1990Figure, but this growth has been at the (42) _ _ _ _ _ _ of the amount of financial support given toindividual students.Universities receive money (43) _ _ _ _ _ _ the state for each student and are responsible foremploying staff and deciding which courses to offer. The head of a university, who is (44) _ _ _ _ _ _ forits management, is called a vice-chancellor.
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