The environmental assessment criteria urbanization
• Criteria for "pressure" on the environment:
- The scale of urban development must be reasonable;
- The planning of urban land use as appropriate;
- saving use and exploitation of natural resources;
- Minimize waste sources of environmental pollutants;
- Preserving biodiversity in urban areas.
- The indicators: population, urban area, the number of motor vehicles, demand ... incidents.
• The criteria on "Meet" with the environment:
- Criteria for environmental response in urban development: technical infrastructure of modern cities; The waste sources (gas, water, solid) are handled; Urban meets the needs of the people; environmental protection; high sense of community; budget to meet environmental protection.
- Directive represents: percentage of population supplied with water, sewers density, traffic density, the proportion of waste is collected, green area, ...
• Criteria for the "Status" environment: The present directive
- Environment water (groundwater, surface): volume, quality;
- Air quality: Concentration of ingredients, temperature, rain, wind , ..;
- Environment Land (suburban): Only urbanization - biological, heavy metals;
- traffic noise level: average daily noise levels, night; - Environmental health: the average life expectancy, the rate morbidity, ....
The status of the urban environment in Vietnam
• Water level: Currently, nationwide there are about 240 water plants with a total capacity of 3.78 million on m3 / day. Most of the plants have water treatment technologies obsolete, the quality is not hygienic, many physical and chemical indicators, microbial unqualified clean water. The rate of loss is higher than 15%.
• Wastewater: Concerts buried with rain water (sewer drainage system shared), multiple sources of toxic emissions such as hospitals and industry. Handling Partial or no treatment before being discharged into urban environments, for our country, where surface water is receiving, transporting the source of untreated sewage, contaminated should chungdeu, where were heavily contaminated
air • Environment Urban always more polluted air environment in rural areas, because the sources of environmental pollutants in very large urban living, traffic communication, industrial to urban construction.
• Dust pollution: Most cities in our country are polluted by dust, many urban centers are severely polluted, to an alarming degree.
• Pollution of harmful gases Other (SO2, NO2, CO): Concentration NO2, CO, SO2 in urban air are approximate daily average value.
• Pollution Lead (Pb) in urban air: lead levels commonly observed in or smaller than the standard allows.
• Air pollution and acid rain: no circumstances.
• Environmental noise: Transport is the main source of noise pollution caused municipalities. Some other sources of noise, such as noise level in urban areas Vietnam is growing and exceeds the permissible level (eg evolution from 1995 -> 1998 in HCMC. Hanoi).
• Solid waste pollution Urban is a pressing issue, as urban development, the greater the amount of solid waste, increasing toxicity. The amount of municipal solid waste, if not managed, collected and handled well, will lead to a series of negative consequences for the urban environment. Solid wastes are categorized as: (1) solid waste activities; (2) industrial solid waste; (3) hospital waste.
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