The size of the money supply (M2) is calculated by the proportion of the money supply (M2) to nominal GDP. An increase in the money supply had increased influence nominal exchange rate, will be due VND devaluation, on the other hand increase the general price level of the economy, therefore, influence the size of the money supply to REER follow What trends should be monitored further.
net foreign assets (NFA) as measured by the proportion of the value of net foreign assets to GDP is nominal. The increase in net foreign assets would imply rising incomes and increased spending on domestic goods which actually led to the price increase, or otherwise REER decreases.
The difference between the actual interest rate (RR ): Calculated as the difference between the actual interest rate of VND and USD. In theory, an increase in the real interest rate differential implies that income of the deposit in dong higher, leading to increased demand for the local currency, while the supply of the domestic currency will fall on foreign exchange market, thereby leading to currency appreciation and reducing the REER.
Thus, the relationship between the REER and background variables can be represented by the following function:
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