ETE student, self-efficacy is a situation-specific perception;<br>in this case, a belief in one’s ability to teach OE with confidence<br>in a variety of OE settings in the future. When the right learning<br>conditions and incentives are present, efficacy expectations<br>(beliefs about one’s competence) will develop (Feltz & Weiss,<br>1982). In addition, effort, activity choice, and persistence at a<br>given task are all connected to self-efficacy. When an individual<br>experiences success (i.e., meeting the learning objectives while<br>participating in a certain task in a specific situation), it appears to<br>be an important determinant of developing positive self-efficacy<br>(Bandura, 1997; Siwatu, 2011; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2007).<br>Fahlman, Hall, and Gutuskey (2013) support Bandura’s selfefficacy theory “because people are unlikely to participate in<br>behaviors unless they believe that they are capable of performing<br>those behaviors successfully” (p. 321). Fahlman et al. (2013)<br>further explain that teachers with high self-efficacy for teaching<br>the material expect success, overcome barriers to success, and<br>are more likely to invest in teaching the material. Conversely, if<br>an individual is not successful in a specific activity, participation in the activity may lower their self-efficacy (McGowan,<br>1986).
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