In the course of its history, human

In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, and drive off animals by fire. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off more intensive heat than wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution.

In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy used in the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned more cleanly than coal and polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles, a very important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene.
By 1984, non-renewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over 82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The energy derived from non-renewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of non-renewable fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.

Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting product is sulfur-and nitrogen-rich, and large scale extractions are presently prohibitive. Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex. Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material. However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make alternative deposits more attractive.

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

In the course of the ITS history, human Inventions have dramatically Increased amount of energy the average per person available for use. Primitive peoples in cold wood and animal dung vùng burned to heat có caves, cook food, and drive off animals by fire. The first step of more Toward the Developing Efficient Fuels was taken khi có người Discovered use vegetable oils could chúng and animal fats in lieu of Gathered or cut wood. Charcoal Gave off more heat than wood and intensive Easily obtainable coal was more organic fats. The first Greeks to use coal for metal Began in the 4th century smelting, but it did not come off until the Industrial Into Revolution extensive use. In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most energy is used in the United States and other nations thu được was undergoing industrialization and renewable sources from perpetual, như wood, water streams, domesticated animal labor, and wind. These là predominantly locally available supplies. By the mid-1800s, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European Countries was thu được from wood. Tuy nhiên, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source in industrializing Countries and thế wood. Although in most climate zones vùng and more readily accessible wood coal was coal, the latter là CONCENTRATED source of energy more. In 1910, natural gas and oil as the main coal thế firmly source of fuel vì chúng lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They burned more coal and polluted less coal cleanly. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid Fuels for vehicles, a very Important Consideration in the early 1900s, khi Arrived on the scene automobile. By 1984, the non-renewable fossil Fuels, như oil, coal, and natural gas, over 82 percent of the given below commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small tiền of energy derived from nuclear fission là, and the còn 16 percent Came from direct burning perpetual and renewable Fuels, như biomass. Between 1700 and 1986, a large number of Countries shifted from dùng energy from local sources to a Centralized generation of Hydropower and solar energy converted to Electricity. The energy derived from non-renewable fossil Fuels Produced bị increasingly in one location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile Fuels. Countries with private print, thay public transportation, the age of non-renewable Fuels has created a dependency on a finite resource to be sẽ có thế. Alternative fuel sources are Numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two examples. The extraction of shale oil deposits from large Asian and European print has Proven to be vùng Consuming and Costly labor. The quả product is sulfur-rich and nitrogen-, and large scale extractions are presently prohibitive. Similarly, the extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex. Semi-solid hydrocarbons can not be separated from the sandstone Easily có carry added and limestone, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale removal of the material. Tuy nhiên, sources of fuel cả be needed as sewing Eventually continue to rise and petroleum prices in fossil fuel availability Limitations make deposits more attractive alternative.