3.1.1. Establishment of a specialized management agency under the State Bank NPL: The establishment of specific bad debts under the government (central bank may authorize the manager) is very important thiet.Tuy course, muscle it will handle a portion of the bad debt can NHTM.Cu, the agency should focus on the bad debts of corporations, state enterprises at commercial banks. The treatment can be carried out under one of the following methods: • Clear debt through bonds replaced with the issuance by the Government. The central bank may allow banks to transfer bad loans or old debt into bonds for 20 years. A specialized agency of the Government debt settlement will use government bonds in exchange for bad debts are considered large and significant debts. The agency has the right to sell bad loans or engage in the process of restructuring businesses can not afford to repay. • Swap the debts of corporations and banks lending to SOEs (including commercial banks and commercial banks with capital shares dominant state) into equity. Accordingly, the state ownership will increase in some commercial banks (including joint stock banks). This, though costly, but will facilitate the central bank to direct the integration and merger of banks in supporting the process of restructuring the banking system. The capital of the bad debt management agency specialized in should look from the issuance of bonds by the Government guarantee. In fact, the activities of commercial banks in Vietnam if successful restructuring and business in a favorable environment, it will create a huge amount of profit (this was demonstrated in the period from 2005 to 2009), increase the viability of the repayment of the bond debt guaranteed by the Government. 3.1.2. Handling bad debt through asset management agencies of commercial banks: According to the calculation, so far banks have credit provisioning 70.000 billion, of which 84% bad debt collateral whose value collateral equivalent to 130% of the value of debts and mostly secured by real estate. Thus, commercial banks can fully proactively handle their bad debt (on condition that there is security assets) problem is to develop appropriate mechanisms. Mechanisms to ensure the 5 principles: (1) Support the recovery of funds banks have to invest in bad loans quickly, but not too large to cause losses for commercial banks; (2) the recovery of non-performing loans exacerbate the situation the real estate market; (3) minimize the damage of the investors; (4) minimize the cost of the Government; (5) separate operations off bad debts and business activities of commercial banks. Based on the experience of the three countries investigated kept on, should perform the following mechanisms: First, commercial banks are required to use reserves to handle the loans to private enterprises without property unsecured or secured property but serious decline the value or the legal dispute is too complex. second, all commercial banks with bad loans forced to establish debt management company (AMC) to separate operations off bad debts from business activities of commercial banks. Third, commercial banks will group all the bad loans and sell them to commercial banks under the AMC. AMC's The banks shall be based on the risk level of the debt, the real value of the security property for issuing the bonds (this is a form of securitization methods unsecured loans ). For example, AMC can be divided into three classes of bonds with 3 groups of creditors as Group 3, 4 and 5.Moi this type will have different interest rates but a higher minimum deposit rate of the same term. The amount withdrawn will be transferred to the commercial banks lending to serve business operations, production. Fourth, the Government should take the guarantee for the bonds on the establishment and management of estate agencies is attached to the Government to manage the property in case the Government must make payment guarantee for the bonds. Only with the guarantee of the Government, domestic investors and international attractiveness see the bonds from above. Moreover, the serenity of the real estate activity and real estate credit is temporary in Vietnam if you look entire development cycle of this market in Vietnam from 1991 to present. When the market recovers, then everything will return to orbit cuc.Van problem area is the mechanism to facilitate banks and markets to overcome the current difficult period. Fifth, the Government should be clearly assigned SB clearly in issuing regulations on the operation of AMC and securitization activities. At the same time clearly identify the responsibilities of the central bank in overseeing work on, avoiding the maximum commercial banks using securitization transactions in order to increase the risk generation system (similar US case 2007-2009) .
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