Factual information items do not necessarily correlate conceptually (see examples in Liao and Chuang, 2004; Strickland, 1999), and the dichotomous format of the item data following the assumption mentioned above would further undermine the theoretical basis for conducting internal consistency analysis (Strickland, 1999). Therefore, it is not reasonable to argue that internal consistency analysis is a good reliability index to employ in this study. Given that the reliability of a measure hinges on the precision and clarity of its questions (Steinberg, 2004), and the content validity of a measurement is verified if it reflects important contents of the domain measured (Carmines and Zeller, 1991; Donald, 2003), we consulted field experts of the high-technology industry in Taiwan to assess the clarity and adequacy of the items. Only items deemed to be clearly and adequately represent the nature of communication or empowerment practices in Taiwan high-technology organizations were used in the questionnaire. Appendix 1 presents the items used to measure both communication and empowerment.
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