2. the second computer generation (1957-1963).-Bell company has invented the transistor in 1947 and therefore second generation of computers is characterized by the replacement of the tubes by the bipolar transistors. However, to the end of the 1950s, commercial computers use transistors to appear on the market. Reducing computer size, cheap money, spend less energy. At this point, circuit boards and memory by pinky from use. High level language appears (such as FORTRAN, COBOL, 1956, 1959, ALGOL, 1960) and the sequential type operating systems (Batch Processing) is used. In this operating system, the program of the first users are running, completed to the second user's program and so on.
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