Sources of air pollution from industrial activities Old industrial (built before 1975) are all small and medium industries, backward production technology, some manufacturing facilities have equipment for dust, yet almost exhaust gas treatment equipment. In General, the old industry not standard on the quality of the environment. Old industries are very dispersed, so the process of urbanization, the range expanding city should today is located in the old industrial city of many cities. For example in Ho Chi Minh City, not counting the base industry, has about 500 enterprises in total more than 700 industrial facility is located in the inner city, in the city of Hanoi has about 200 garment factories in total about 300 industrial facility is located in the inner city. In recent years the source of pollution from industrial activity is located in the inner city is somewhat diminished by the provinces have actively implemented the directive treats the serious pollution causing establishments located interspersed within the residential areas. For example, in Hanoi have construction techniques 10 small industrial infrastructure in the district with a total land area of 2,338 hectares planning to encourage the former factory in the inner city to relocate out of industrial clusters. In particular, the city has a bonus mode progress move early in the period from 2003-2004, the level of reward from 10 million to 500 million units of production. So far, Hanoi has moved 10 production base of heavy polluters out suburbs such as: Textile Corporation 10/10, glass company Hanoi, Swiss Shoes Company L, ... There are currently 6 companies are moving Plastic company Hanoi, Hanoi knitted bicycle, motorbikes, textile, electric engineering. Ho Chi Minh City has launched 500 million bonus policy (the highest level) for the businesses to relocate in 2002, this rate was still only 50% of enterprises relocated in 2003 and only 40% if moving into 2004. BAC Ninh province and some other provinces also have the technical infrastructure investments to build some small industrial clusters to focus enterprises that cause heavy pollution in the municipality and village on the industrial cluster, ...Industrial activities causing air pollution left from the old industrial zones, industrial zones, such as: Upper, Minh Khai-Mai (Hanoi), Thu Duc, Binh (Ho Chi Minh City), bien Hoa (Dong Nai), Industrial Zones, Thai Nguyen iron and steel Areas, ... and local air pollution around the enterprises cement plants (especially the kiln cement), the brick and tile kilns, ceramic production enterprise, the thermal power plants burning coal and oil-burning plants, bronze casting FO, steel metallurgy, the chemical fertilizer factory, ... The main air pollutants discharged by industrial dust, gas SO2, NO2, CO, HF and a number of other chemicals.Air pollution in many villages has been alarming, some articles have a disturbing way as "rich, but died" for nylon recycling village Minh Khai (Shravan, Hung yen); "inhale smoke eat money" in Direction (van Lam, Hung yen)-recycled lead, or as "the toxic smoke" in bat Trang pottery village (Gia Lâm, Hanoi). In many villages, especially in the villages in the Northern Plains, is calling for research on air pollution.New industry: the majority of the new industrial base of investment focused on 82 industrial zones. Before the construction of the project are conducted "environmental impact assessment", if the project meets environmental protection solutions have been presented in the report, the environmental impact assessment will ensure environmental quality standards.However, many new companies, especially coal-burning thermal power plants, not to handle the toxic emissions (SO2, NO2, CO), should have caused environmental pollution air around. Sources of air pollution due to transport activities Along with the process of industrialization and urbanization, the motor transport in our country increased very rapidly, especially in the municipalities. Before the late 1980s about 80-90% of the population of the municipality of travel by bicycle, today, in contrast to about 80% of the population of the municipality of driving your car, you. Sources of emissions from transport have become a major source of pollution for the environment in urban air, especially in major metropolitan such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Da Nang City. According to the assessment of environmental specialists, urban air pollution caused by transportation cause about 70% proportion.According to the data of the Hanoi traffic police, in 1990 there cars there in 1995, 34222 60231 airport 2000, have 130,746 the car in traffic. So after 10 years the number of cars in Hanoi increased almost 4 times. About motorbike in Hanoi in 1996 and has about 600,000 new motorcycles, nearly 1 million in 2001, in 2002 increased to more than 1.3 million motorcycles, the average about 1/2 the motorcycle people. In Ho Chi Minh City in 1997 to about 1.2 million new motorcycles, nearly 2 million cars in 2001, in 2002 nearly 2.5 million motorbikes. On average the number of motorcycles in the municipalities of our country each year increased about 15-18%, the number of cars each year increased about 8-10%.By the number of bikes increased very quickly, not the quick increase of air pollution emission sources, which also caused traffic congestion in many municipalities. In Hanoi, about 40 points often suffer traffic jams, in Ho Chi Minh City is 80 points. When traffic congestion, oil vapor pollution levels could rise 4-5 times than usual. In Vietnam, about 75% of the number of cars powered by gasoline fuels, 25% of the number of cars powered by vegetable oil, 100% gasoline-powered motorcycles. CO gas pollution and gasoline vapor (HC) usually occurs in the major intersections, such as crossroads, crossroads Kim Liên (Hanoi), the intersection of Government Mismanagement Power-Dinh Tien Hoang, a rotation of Green Goods (Ho Chi Minh City), the crossroads of land Bridge – Nguyen Duc Canh (Haiphong), ... Before 2001 in the intersections was also contaminated lead (Pb). Sources of air pollution caused by construction activities In our country today works to build homes, roads, bridges, ... very strong and takes place everywhere, especially in the municipalities. Construction activities such as digging the land, disrupts the old buildings, building materials were scattered in the shipping process, often very severe dust pollution on the environment the air around, especially dust pollution, dust concentration in the air at the place of work to build value beyond the standard allows up to 10-20 times. Sources of air pollution from cooking activities of the people The people in the countryside of our country often cooking with wood, straw, grass, leaves and a small percentage of cooking with coal. The people in the city are usually charcoal cooking, kerosene, firewood, electricity and natural gas (gas). Cooking with charcoal and kerosene will emit a considerable amount of waste, pollution, especially that it is polluting the main sources for indoor air environment, directly affects the health of people. In recent years, many families in the town have used gas instead of charcoal or kerosene stove.Theo báo cáo hiện trạng môi trường của các tỉnh thành năm 2002, và năm 2003, ở các đô thị lớn như Hà Nội, thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Hải Phòng, Đà Nẵng, đặc biệt là ở các thành phố và thị xã của các tỉnh phía Nam, một số gia đình có mức sống cao chuyển từ đun nấu bằng than, dầu sang đun nấu bằng bếp gas ngày càng nhiều. Bếp gas gây ô nhiễm không khí ít hơn rất nhiều so với đun nấu bằng than, dầu. Ngược lại, do giá dầu hoả và giá điện tăng lên đáng kể, rất nhiều gia đình có mức thu nhập thấp đã chuyển sang dùng bếp than tổ ong với số lượng lớn, bình quân mỗi gia đình tiêu thụ khoảng 2kg than/ngày, gây ra ô nhiễm không khí cục bộ nặng nề, nhất là lúc nhóm bếp và ủ than. Hiện trạng ô nhiễm môi trường không khí Ô nhiễm bụi:Ở hầu hết các đô thị nước ta đều bị ô nhiễm bụi, nhiều nơi bị ô nhiễm bụi trầm trọng, tới mức báo động. Các khu dân cư ở cạnh đường giao thông lớn và ở gần các nhà máy, xí nghiệp cũng bị ô nhiễm bụi rất lớn.Nồng độ bụi trong các khu dân cư ở xa đường giao thông, xa các cơ sở sản xuất hay trong các khu công viên cũng đạt tới xấp xỉ trị số tiêu chuẩn cho phép.The concentration of dust in the air in major cities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, Danang and the average value is larger than the standard allows from 2 to 3 times, at the intersections in the municipality of dust concentrations greater than standard from 2 to 5 times , in the new city are taking place the process of the construction of homes, roads and infrastructure, the dust concentration is often exceeded the standard of 10-20 times.In cities, towns and villages in the Southern Plains have high average dust contamination levels than standard allows from 1.2 to 1.5 times, such as in the city of can tho, Rach GIA town, HA Tien town, the town of Ben Tre. Generally, dust pollution in the southern province in the dry season is usually greater than in the rainy season.Nồ
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