WTO is the acronym for World Trade Organization (World Trade Organization). The WTO was established on 01.01.1995, continuity and expanding the scope of regulation of international trade frameworks formerly GATT - the General Agreement on Tariffs Trade. GATT was born after World War II, when the movement formed a series of multilateral mechanisms to regulate the activities of international economic cooperation is taking place lively, typically the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, commonly known as the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) today.
With the idea of forming the rules, regulations, rules for international trade order adjust the field of employment, trade in goods, overcome limitations, constraints of this activity developed, 23 GATT's founders had the same number of other countries participating in the Conference on Trade and employment and draft Havana Charter to establish the International Trade Organization (ITO) as a specialized organization of the international trade of the United Nations. At the same time, these countries have come together to conduct negotiations on tariffs and dealing with trade protection measures are applied is rampant in international trade from the beginning of the 30s, in order to achieve the objective of self trade liberalization, opening the way for economic and commercial development, create jobs, raise incomes and living conditions of peoples of Member States.
Charter established the International Trade Organization (ITO) above agreed at the UN Conference on Trade and Employment in Havana from 11/1947 to 04/23/1948, but because some countries have difficulty in ratifying, so the figure in founding International trade organizations (ITO) was not performed.
However, persistence defined objectives, and the encouraging results achieved in the negotiations first tariff preferential tax 45,000 use between the parties negotiate, or about one fifth of total world trade, 23 countries have come together to sign the founding agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), officially takes effect on 1 / 1948.
From then to 1995, the GATT has conducted eight rounds of negotiations mainly on tariffs. However, since the 70s, and especially since the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) international trade is constantly evolving, so GATT expansion activities, negotiations not only on tariffs but also focused on building Construction agreements established norms, rules regulating non-tariff barriers, on trade in services, intellectual property rights, investment measures related to trade, trade in agricultural products products, textiles and clothing, the dispute settlement mechanism. With the scope of the multilateral trading system is expanded, should the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which deal with only a limited content and concentrate on trade in goods has shown no longer appropriate. Thus, on 15.04.1994, at Marrkesh (Maroc), the parties have ended the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) in order to succeed and develop career GATT. WTO formally established independent of the United Nations system and in operation since 1.1.1995.
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