BiodiversityWet tropical forests are the most diverse biome in terms of species, and the tropical rain forests in the Americas are rich in species than the wet forests in Africa and Asia as a strip of the largest tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazon rain forest has a biological diversity unmatched. About 10% of the number of known species in the world live in the Amazon rain forest. It incorporates the largest collection of these species, living plant in the world.The area is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 3,000 fish, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 species of amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in this sector. About 20% of bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. Scientists have described between 96,660-128,843 invertebrate animals only in each of Brazil.The diversity of plant species is the highest on Earth with some scientists estimating that one square kilometer may contain over 75,000 types of trees and 150,000 species of higher plants. A square kilometres of land of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass estimated to reach 356 ± 47 ton/ha. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic importance and social has been recorded in the area with many more species are still being discovered or catalogued [7].The green leaves of plants and trees in the rainforest varies between 25% as a result of the seasonal changes. Green foliage extends during the dry season when the Sun is the maximum and then shrinking in the wet season is clouded. These changes created a balance of carbon between photosynthesis and respiration [8].This Rainforest area also contains a number of species can cause hazard to humans. Among the largest predators of black Caiman, Jaguar and anaconda. In the area of the River, the electric eels can stun or power emitted lethal, while can also bite and the injured [9]. A series of unique name frogs secrete alkaloid toxins in your favorite fat through meat of them. There is also a series of parasite species and the epidemic agent. The bats live in the rainforest and can spread rabies virus [10]. Diseases like malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever can also be infected are in the Amazon region.
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