The speed of industrialization and urbanization is quite fast and the increase of the population increasingly pressured heavily with water resources lie in the territory. Water environment in many municipalities, industrial parks and villages increasingly contaminated by waste water, waste gas and waste. in big cities, hundreds of industrial production are causing environmental pollution due to water works and waste disposal equipment. Water pollution caused by industrial production is very heavy. For example, in the textile industry, the pulp and paper industry, waste water usually has a Ph averaging from 9-11; index of chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be up to 2,500 mg/1 and 700mg/1; concentrations of suspended solids--many times the allowable limit.
concentration wastewater of this industry contains cyanide (CN-) crossed to 84 times, H2S exceed 4.2 times, concentrations of NH3 exceeded 84 times the standard should have the heavily polluting the surface water sources in the region.
The level of water pollution in industrial parks, export processing zones, industrial focus is huge.
at the Industrial Park In Ho Chi Minh City, Food, water supplies contaminated by sewage, industrial waste water amounts to the total estimated 500,000 m3/day from the paper mills, dyeing, weaving, washing powder. in the city of Taiyuan industrial waste water discharged from the basis of paper manufacturing, iron and steel, non-ferrous metallurgy, coal mining; on the shallow water of the season the city of Taiyuan accounted for about 15% of Global river flow; waste water from paper production has a Ph from 8.4-9 and NH4 concentrations were 4 mg/1, high concentrations of organic matter discharges are Brown, nasty smell ...
The survey some villages cast iron and steel, copper, aluminum, lead, paper, textite in BAC Ninh province shows that the amount of water discharged thousands m3/day untreated, polluting the water resources and environment in the region.
pollution of water in the town felt is in the city of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. in the city the domestic wastewater treatment systems not focusing that directly discharge into receiving sources (rivers, lakes, canals and ditches). On the other hand, there are many production facilities do not waste water, most hospitals and large health facilities do not have waste water treatment system; a large amount of solid waste in the city is not all collectors are ... are the important source of causing water pollution. At present, the level of pollution in the River, channel, Lake in the big city is very heavy!
in Pasig city, the total amount of waste water of the city up to 300,000-400,000 m3/day; We only have 5/31 hospitals have waste water treatment systems, accounting for 25% of hospital discharges; 36/400 manufacturing establishments have waste water treatment; amount of destructive garbage has not been picked up about 1,200 m3/day are discharged into the ground along the Lakes, canals and ditches in the inner city; the BOD, dissolved oxygen, NH4, NO2, NO3 in the rivers, lakes, ditch the inner city are beyond the rules allow in Ho Chi Minh City, then of up to nearly 4,000 tonnes per day; only 24/142 major health facilities have wastewater treatment; about 3,000 polluting production facilities in an have to relocate.
not only in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City which in other municipalities such as Hai Phong, hue, Da Nang, Nam Dinh, Oceanography ... waste water cannot be processed the contaminated water sources where receiving wastewater beyond sub standard allows (TCCP), the suspended solids (SS) substances, BOD; COD; Dissolved oxygen (DO) are crossed from 5-10 times, even 20 times the TCCP.
About water pollution in rural and agricultural areas, Vietnam currently has nearly 76% of the population live in rural areas where infrastructure is still backward, most human wastes and livestock are not handled should seep into the ground or drifted, causing pollution of water resources in terms of organic and microorganism. According to the report by the Ministry of agriculture and rural development, the average number of coliform bacteria Feca from 1,500-3,500 MNP/100 ml in the Tien River and Hau River, rises to 3800-12,500 MNP/100 ml in the Achaemenids.
in the agricultural production, due to the abuse of drugs and plant protection, the sources of water in rivers, lakes, canals and ditches is polluted, affecting the environment and people's health.
According to statistics of the Ministry of fisheries, the total water use for aquaculture to 2001 of 751,999 ha. Due to the massive aquaculture, lack of planning, does not comply with the technical processes which should have caused many negative effects to the environment. Along with the use of multiple and improper types of chemicals in aquaculture, the residual food floor ponds, lakes, rivers makes the environment polluted water of organic substances, some species of pathogenic organisms and toxic algae some appearance; even had signs of red tide occurred in some coastal Vietnam.
There are many subjective and objective reasons that lead to environmental pollution, such as the increase in population, the downside of the process of industrialization and modernization, infrastructure is weak, backward: people's awareness about environmental issues remain high ... most notably the inadequacies in the operation management, protection of the environment. The perception of many Governments, authorities, organizations and individuals who have responsibility for water environment protection tasks not yet complete and profound; yet clearly the water pollution is the contamination risk direct, daily and difficult to remedy for human life as well as the sustainable development of the country. The regulations on the management and protection of the water environment is missing (for example, does not yet have the rules and technical procedures for the management and protection of water resources). Mechanism of assignment and coordination between agencies, departments and localities have not yet synchronized, overlap, yet clear liability regulations. Yet the strategy, planning, use and protection of water resources in the basin and the large territory. Not have reasonable regulations in the financial contribution to the environmental protection and management of water, causing the financial shortfall, inadequate income spent on water environment protection.
The investment budget for the environmental protection of water is also very low (some ASEAN countries have invested the budget for environmental protection is the 1% of GDP, while in the Philippines reaching only 0.1%). Community education programs about the environment in General and water environment in particular is still too little. The lack of water environment management in number, poor quality (currently in Vietnam on average about 3 environmental management officer/1 million inhabitants, while in some ASEAN countries the average is 70 people per 1 million inhabitants) ...
(VOV)
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