Currently, the economy needs a day advanced, science and technology developed, along with pressure from population growth rate accelerated in the context of land resources dwindling, this has led the country to conduct accelerate trends into the ocean, sea mining, enrichment from the sea. However, the mining activities are mainly focused on economic development objectives to achieve the desired maximum underestimate the role of environmental protection, the plan does not fit with governance mechanisms lax management of the country has caused significant impacts of climate change in the most typical is the rise in sea level and the temperature of the earth, many resources are exhausted, environment polluted sea places a serious way. Thus the problem exploitation of natural resources and protection of the marine environment is very difficult to solve the problem of multiple regions, countries around the world, including Vietnam. This article aims to find out about the status of the resource problem - the marine environment along with the direction the solution being applied in countries around the world in general and Vietnam in particular Nam us.
Our country is the intensity Nations around the world assess the pearl of Southeast Asia not only by our country's strategic location and economic sustainability - politically, but also because our country has abundant marine resources with an area of more diverse 3,447,000 km2 should be considered a country with strong growth potential of the economy, such as shipping, tourism, services, mining and oil khi.Tuy country, if we want to exploit the potential sea sustainable and effective, it needs to have the plans and measures for the proper resources and the marine environment is polluted and degraded from the exploitation of the human unconscious. According to the findings of the UN, FAO and other international organizations have demonstrated that the mining activities a lack of understanding and no rational organization of people have done for more than 80% of the Other maritime operators worldwide, of which about 25% of the fish overexploitation (overexploited) or depleted.ben addition many marine mineral resources, oil and gas resources and the marine resources are not re creation is also being overexploited. It is estimated that within 20 years, the Southeast Asian country has lost 12% of coral reefs, 48% of coral reefs are under severe recession trong.Su losing coral reefs will make fish and other marine species are severely reduced, even leading to claims of some marine species other insurance you because they had nowhere to stay and breed.
Besides the decline and more depleted marine resources by mining and improper use of the human condition, the population growth in coastal areas along the coastal economic activities on a development led to many estuary Sea heavily polluted by garbage people; Water from streams, canals and tributaries carry waste, toxic chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers and household waste, all the sea, there are those which are not biodegradable deposition the coastal or deep seabed, killing many marine species. Besides, the work on the sea on a lot, the chemical waste from industrial, radioactive substances, waste building materials, waste water containing toxic chemicals untreated waste of sea transport as well as for serious water pollution; Besides nature indiscriminate deforestation caused accidentally charging status, floods, more severe is the frequency and extent of the tsunami affected by climate change.
Before the terrible threat environment can impact the lives of people, the nations of the world have been searching for as well as every type of conduct policies and activities to restore and protect the marine ecological environment. According to reports from the center of the solution ocean (ocean center for solutions) published in May 2009 with the title: Ecosystems and Human Pacific: threats and opportunities for action " with the participation of representatives from more than 50 countries and regions (including Vietnam) has details about the threats to the marine environment and the huge impact they have on people and put solutions to effectively and timely response and resolution of threats from marine environments. Most countries have many efforts, constantly develop and implement policies and activities to improve the situation of the sea - Island. Example. In China, with the promulgation of the Law on Environmental Protection, the authorities of this country to conduct propaganda and called on people to participate in activities to protect the environment and marine resources . In the Philippines, the establishment of protected areas in the archipelago Apo has created many job opportunities in the travel and tourism services for coastal residents to limit hunting and exploitation of marine resources unintentionally knowledge and organization of the South dan.viet is one of the leading countries in developing and building activities and policies to restore and renovate the natural resources and the marine environment. As the content is extracted in Resolution 03- NQ / TW May 6, 1993, and nation-building platform during development and integration in 2000, Truth Publishing House, Hanoi's Politburo on duty economic development of the sea, which asserts that: "Vietnam to promote economic development in the sea along with enhanced protection of sovereignty and national interests; which is parallel to the health protection of natural resources and marine ecological environment, striving to become a strong country on the sea 2020 ". Vietnam Marine Strategy 2020 identified as a key maritime economy, to invest infrastructure, supply of raw materials for industry, tourism and services, but to manage closely, keep maintenance and protection of the marine environment; extraction and use of natural resources properly, tried to recreate and restore the natural environment in general, especially the environment and marine resources. In addition, the State and the authorities have tried to promote educational activities to raise awareness of the responsibilities of citizens, such as regularly hold meetings, dissemination and integration of the and the protection of the marine environment in the operation of entertainment and activities to teach.
Also the construction of protected areas to protect and preserve biological diversity, natural resources and Cultural values are also countries and territories focused development. According to statistics, the number of protected areas increases on a global scale over the years. As of 1970, the world's only 118 protected areas in 27 countries, in 1985 had 470 destinations in 69 countries and 298 destinations offered. Ten years later, the world was statistically 1,306 protected areas and so far a total of marine protected areas in the world has more than 5,000 marine protected areas, accounting for about 8% of the total area of the ocean .
In Conclusion,, The sea is a heterogeneous environment, the common property of mankind, require high cooperation between countries and regions to
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