The basic structure of DNA:
DNA: is a nucleic acid molecules carry information encoded pass for activities and developing the growth of organic material including some viruses.
DNA is generally considered material moving at a molecular level, participate in decisions of the characteristics.
in eukaryotic cells DNA in the cell nucleus.
in prokaryotic cells, DNA is not wrapped membrane remains in the cytoplasm.
DNA is macromolecules are composed of two polynucleotide chains, linking them together and winding a similar axial twisting a rope ladder extraction. This structure is called the double helix structure.
Each polynucleotide sequence is composed of the nucleotide monomers. The nucleotide monomers linked together through phosphodiester link between the original path of this nucleotide by nucleotide phosphate with the next original.
Single nucleotide assignment is made:
a sugar molecule ribose
phosphate root
a nucleobases.
In only four DNA this type of nucleotide and the different types of components nucleobases => name of the type of nucleotides derived from the root nucleobases that it brings: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G).
in where A and G are the large size pusine, C and T has a smaller size (Pyrimidine)
In humoral environment, two polynucleotide sequences and molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds under the additional rules: A link to the T by two hydrogen bonds. G associated with C by 3 hydrogen bonds.
The process of DNA replication:
Concept: the process of DNA replication takes place in the cell nucleus, in an intermediate phase S, the process of creating two chromatid each chromosome to prepare cell division.
the process of DNA replication was done on the principle of complementary and sold conservation principles.
the process takes place in three mirrored steps:
B1: remove the DNA helix and create replication fork out.
Under the effect of removing the twisted enzyme, a single strand of DNA separated gradually create tees reprinted (Y-shaped) and to reveal two circuit mold. There are two types of enzymes remove the twist is gyrase and helicase. Gyrase, topoisomerase also known as functional as DNA molecules stretched. Helicase enzyme is breaking the hydrogen bonds and separate the two strands of the DNA molecule.
B2: DNA synthesis of a new circuit.
The enzyme DNA polymerase using the free nucleotide in the intracellular environment for synthesis of two additional vessels on two circuit on the principle of additional mold. Because DNA polymerase can only mount nucleotide 3'-OH group on the other hand, the synthesis of DNA in the direction 5'-3 'should be: on the 3'-5 circuit mold', additional circuitry is synthesized continuously Vertical 5'-3 'direction to copy tees. On-site circuit 5'-3 'additional sum circuit interruption direction 5'-3' (away from the yoke 3 copy) to make up the short okazaki, the segments are joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase .
B3: two DNA molecules are formed on the principle of conservation sale.
the circuit newly synthesized to where a single strand twist to it. DNA forming a circuit including the newly synthesized material in the intracellular environment, while the other circuit is the original DNA.
The process of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotic organisms have followed a mechanism, but there are fundamental differences as follows:
in eukaryotic organisms, large-sized DNA duplication should occur at many points, create multiple mirrored units.
in prokaryotes only a mirrored units.
In each unit there are two pronged reprinted Y arising from a starting point and is mirrored in two directions simultaneously.
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