Question 1. Present structure of the enzyme and its role in the metabolism of matter?
Question 2. What factors affect the activity of enzymes?
Verse 3. Present the mechanism of action of enzymes?
Question 4 . When fried beef is often for fresh pineapple slices fried together. Similarly when people eat dried beef or served with papaya salad. I explain the scientific basis of these measures?
Question 5. The activity of the enzyme is proportional to the temperature is right or wrong? Guide Answer: Question 1. a. The structure of enzymes - Enzymes are proteins in nature, its components can be proteins or proteins associated with other substances are not proteins. - Enzymes have the space special structure called the active site, Here is the link with the substrate specialist, here the temporary nature linked to the enzyme and thus the reaction is catalyzed. - Center of enzyme activity space configuration must match the configuration space of the substrate. b. The role of the enzyme in the metabolism of the material - By enzymes which biochemical processes in living organisms occur very responsive with great speed in normal physiological conditions. When a catalytic enzyme, the speed of reaction can increase a million times. If the cell does not have the enzyme activity can not sustain life because of the speed of biochemical reactions occur too slowly. - Cells can regulate metabolism through controlled physical activity of enzymes with activators or inhibitors. The specific inhibitor in conjunction with enzymes to change the configuration of the enzyme makes the enzyme can not bind with the substrate. Conversely, activators when linked to enzymes will increase the activity of enzymes. - Inhibits reverse the pattern in which the product regulate metabolic pathways of return acts as an inhibitor, which inactivates Enzymes catalyze the reaction at the beginning of metabolic pathways. - When a certain enzyme in the cell is not synthetic or synthetic too little or are inactivated, the product was not only constitute the substrate of the enzyme This will also accumulate toxic to cells or can be converted into a route sub toxins causing illness symptoms. The disease in humans that is known as metabolic disorders. Question 2. Factors affecting the activity of enzymes: - Temperature: The speed of enzymatic reaction is influenced by temperature. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature (the temperature at the highest enzyme activity). For example, the majority of enzymes in the body's cells to function optimally at temperatures of about 350C - 400C, but the bacterial enzyme activity hot springs best at 700C or higher. When not reached the optimum temperature of the enzyme, the increase in temperature will increase the rate of enzymatic reactions. However, once past the optimum temperature of the enzyme, the increase in temperature will reduce the speed of the reaction and may enzyme activity is lost completely. - pH: Each enzyme has its own optimum pH. Most enzymes have optimum pH in the range of 6 - 8. optimum enzyme activity in acidic environments such as pepsin (stomach enzymes) activity at pH optimum 2. - The concentration of substrate: With a number of enzymes determine if a gradual increase in the substrate in an aqueous solution, the activity of the enzyme initially ascending but to a certain time, then the increase in the substrate concentration does not increase the activity of enzymes. That's because all of the enzyme activity center has been saturated by the substrate. - concentration of enzyme: substrate with a determined amount, the higher the concentration of enzyme reaction rate occurs faster. Cells can regulate metabolic rate by increasing material reduces the concentration of enzymes in the cell. - inhibitors or activators of enzymes: Some chemicals can inhibit enzyme activity when the cells that need inhibit certain enzymes could also create specific inhibitors for enzymes that (eg some environmental toxins like pesticides DDT are inhibitors some important enzymes of the nervous system people and animals). Some other substances associated with increases enzyme activity of the enzyme. Question 3 - General scheme: Enzyme + substrate → complex enzyme-substrate intermediate → product → product + enzyme - at first , enzyme linked to a substrate in the active site to form intermediate compound (enzyme - substrate). Then, in many ways, the enzyme interacts with the substrate to create products of the reaction and releases enzymes intact. Enzymes are released back can catalyze reactions with new substrates of the same type. - Links enzyme - substrate-specific, so each enzyme usually catalyzes a biochemical reaction. Late reaction, compounds that would resolve to give the product of the reaction. Question 4. Pineapple contains bromelin also contains papain papaya, are enzymes that hydrolyze proteins work into amino acids that work well in digestion. They work like pepsin of the stomach or trypsin of pancreatic juice. So when fried beef with pineapple makes the meat more tender beef was dry with papaya salad will help digestion. Question 5: Temperature affects the activity of the enzyme but not proportionally . Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which the maximum enzyme activity. Too optimal temperature, the activity may decrease and stop.
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