LANGUAGE SUMMARYUsing adverb clause

LANGUAGE SUMMARYUsing adverb clauses to show time relationships:after (a)After she graduates, she will get a job.(b) After she (had) graduated, she got a jobA present tense, not a future tenseis used in an adverb clause oftime. Notice example (b) and (d).before (c) I will leave before he comes.(d) I (had) left before he came.when (e) When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.(f) When I got there, he had already left.(g) When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.(h) When I was in Chicago, I visited the museum.(i) When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.When = at that time(notice the different timerelationship expressed by thetenses)WhileAs(j) While I was walking home, it began to rain.(k) As I was walking home, it began to rain.While, as = during that timeBy the time (l) By the time he arrived, we had already left.(m) By the time he comes, we will already have left.By the time = one event iscompleted before another event.(notice the use of the past perfectand future perfect in the mainclause)Since (n) I haven‟t seen him since he left this morning. Since = from that time to thepresent. (Notice the presentperfect is used in the main clause)Untiltill(o) We stayed there until we finished our work.(p) We stayed there till we finished our work.Until, till = to that time and thenno longer (till is used primarily inspeaking rather than writing)As soon asOnce(q) As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.(r) Once it stops raining, we will leave.As soon as, once = when oneevent happens, another eventhappens soon afterwards.As long asSo long as(s) I will never speak to him again as long as I live.(t) I will never speak to him again so long as I liveAs soon as, so long as = duringall that time, from beginning toend.WheneverEvery time(u) Whenever I see her, I say hello.(v) Every time I see her, I say hello.Whenever = every timeThe first timeThe last timeThe next time(w) The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.(x) I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.(y) The next time I go to New York, ‟ I m going to see aBallet.Adverb clauses can be introducedby the following:firstThe second timethirdlastnext15FURTHER PRACTICEA. Complete the following. Pay attention to verb tenses.1. Last night I went to bed after I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my homework.2. Tonight I will go to bed after I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my homework.3. Ever since I was a child, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ afraid of dogs.4. Jane ‟ s contact lens popped out while she basketball.5. Be sure to reread your composition for errors before you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ it in tothe teacher tomorrow.6. By the time I left my apartment this morning, the mail carrier _ _ _ _ _ the mail.7. I have known Jim Bates since he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ten years old.8. A black cat ran across the road as I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my car to work thismorning.9. By the time I leave this city, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ here for four months.10. Whenever Mark __________ angry, his nose gets red.11. I __________ to the beach whenever the weather was fine, but now I don‟thave time to do that because I have to study.12. We will have a big party when _____________.13. The next time I _________ to Hawaii, I‟m going to visit Mauna Loa, theworld largest volcano.14. I had fried chicken the last time I ___________ at that restaurant.B. Complete the following sentences. Punctuate carefully. Pay attention to verbtense usage.1. Just as I was falling asleep last night ..............................................................2. I‟ll help you with your homework as soon as I ...............................................3. .................................................... as long as I live.4. Just before I ................................................................5. The last time I .............................................................6. I had already ................................. when ......................7. Whenever ....................................................................8. I will be here until I ......................................................--- o0o ---