II. Classification by the international payment methods1. Risk in moneyIn the method of payment bank transfer as payment intermediation service, with the intermediate position between the transfer payment and the beneficiary, execute the command by the parties concerned. So the Bank can't intervene on the good will of the parties to pay to the beneficiary. Risks can happen for the money:1.1. Risks to the buyerWould be very detrimental to the buyer if after is completed, the seller is bankrupt or incorrect delivery quantity, type, quality or does not guarantee delivery times according to the agreement, which could affect their business operations. So if forced to pay by this method, the importer should require exporters of banking issued a letter of guarantee of payment before, to avoid the risk of losing money when the seller does not perform the obligations as committed in foreign trade contracts.1.2. Risks to the sellerRisk happens to the seller in the case if the buyer payment after delivery, then the payment is dependent on the good will of the buyer, so the sellers vulnerable to the buyer constitute the capital in payment. 1.3. the risks to the Bank servicing buyersRisks to the Bank serves buyers as bank loan payment to the buyer when the goods enter the row about the improper quality, specifications, business losses, the buyer loses the ability to pay, causing losses for the Bank did not acquire the debt.1.4. Risk for bank merchant servicesRisks to the Bank servicing the seller in the case of Bank lending for the purchase, production of export goods, the seller does not seize money, influence the Bank's debt collection.Risks can happen to banks in money transfer payment method can also do payment technology backward, inferior quality of its roads lead to transmission of false or wrong amount required for payment.Besides, this method risks may be due to the irresponsible, negligent of payment leads to mistaken payments or delayed payments.In sum, the cash payment method is a payment method is simple, quick procedure for the Bank. In this method of payment, the Bank acting as intermediary, so the risks for the Bank in this case most closely associated with the Bank's credit risk. 2. The risk of logging methodMethod of payment convenient logging to the buyer, the risk to the seller.Advantages for the buyer: the buyer pay for the received goods, services or even as consumption of finished goods and services.Advantages for the seller: consumable goods and keep its traditional markets.Detrimental to the seller: the seller has transferred ownership of the goods without payment guarantee: there is the possibility of political economic events will set out the prescribed delay or suspend the transfer of funds to the seller; the seller's capital to be deposited until the buyer get item, sometimes having the passive chây non-payment by the buyer, the pursuit of debtors experiencing hardship because right from the start the buyer did not need to release any documents get debt payment commitments to films as his unjustified.3. Risks of collection methods3.1. principal risks of exporters-For payments by the smooth collection does not guarantee the rights of the seller (payment does not equal) between the paid and the goods receipt attached, no mutual engagement. The buyer can get the goods without paying or delay the payment. -As for the method of payment by collection with vouchers, the seller not only thanks to the Bank collects the money, but also thanks to the Bank control certificate from the goods for the buyer. With how to control according to the documents of the seller is assured because of the binding between the payment and the order of the buyer. However in this payment method can still happen risks to the seller. The seller through the Bank hold record number of new goods just to ensure ownership of their merchandise, but have yet to control the pay of the buyer. The buyer could take paying vouchers have not received by the goods (without shipping), non-payment when the prices in the market volatility lead to disadvantages for merchants in the relief commodities and risk in the goods.3.2. Risk for the importerThe collection method is specified by the buyer, they must pay the money now or accept l/c before shipping so no remedial hang turns ago, buyers can see where goods delivered are not proper, qualities with vouchers or with contracts.3.3. Risks to the intermediate Bank garnishmentsAs for the outer banks care when done correctly the directive Commission currency risk the Bank's credit risk are:+ Receipt collection: risk when discounting the document which was the importer refuses to pay or accept l/c.+ Collection commissioned Bank: risk when granting credit to customers, but the importer's goods have difficulty in consumption.4. Risk in credit voucher method4.1. the risks to the Bank releasedIn the method of payment by letter of credit, the banks involved are not merely just the primary payment intermediaries are the real members of the checkout process, the "who" is committed to pay to the seller on behalf of the buyer. With the opening of l/c for beneficiaries, the Bank released on behalf of importer undertakes the payment to beneficiaries, that means the Bank will pay for the beneficiary to fulfill the condition even if the open fails to pay or not to pay L/C and at this Bank will encounter risks. Risks not on the relationship of credit, so when the banks get the message requires opening the l/c, the Bank needs to consider carefully the financial situation of the client to be able to take the correct decision before opening l/c.Also, for cases of irrevocable L/C when was released, the Bank cannot be arbitrarily cancelled or modified, to be notified of errors within 7 working days from receipt of application documents, if the time limit has been specified, the Bank loses right to refuse and risk losses.4.2. the risks to the Bank noticeFor Bank announces the L/C it is necessary to determine the status of key L/C issuing bank, if not determine this must clearly state in the message L/C to the woolen and clearly not responsible for the authenticity of the L/C, if in this the Bank report cautions would lead to risks to the Bank and the exports.4.3. Risk for Bank discountIn case if the banks involved payments, discounted the document not found error or ignore the error is small, after making payment or discount for the sale of the Bank will have to bear all risks if the L/C issuing bank refuses to pay. Particularly in the case of Bank discount Bank is simultaneously confirmed L/C, then the Bank will not have access to reclaim the export amount was discounted.4.4. Risks for importersOnly bank transactions on the basis of documents should the importer must pay regardless of good or bad goods. the risk belongs to the buyer if the seller intentionally created the phony merchandise vouchers, buyer will bear the brunt of the damage caused by fraud from the seller.Thực tế đã minh chứng không ít nhiều người bán tiền chuyển đi mà hang thì không thấy về. Điển hình, Tập đoàn Nestle có nhập khẩu bơ từ hãng Latel của Na Uy để sản xuất các loại sữa giàu dinh dưỡng. Cuộc mua bán được giới thiệu thông quan một số thông tin trên Internet. Do đang trong lúc cần nguyên liệu gấp nên Nestle đã nhanh chóng thoả thuận hợp đồng nhập khẩu với Latel. Họ đã thoả thuận thanh toán theo L/C, vì vội vàng nên Nestle chưa đề cập kỹ các nội dung cụ thể của L/C mà nhanh chóng chuyển tiền cho Latel theo L/C thông qua một ngân hàng do Nestle chỉ định. Nhưng rồi, tiền thì được gửi đi mà hàng thì mãi vẫn chưa thấy về. Tìm hiểu kỹ thì Nestle mới vỡ lẽ ra rằng, Latel chỉ là một công ty ảo trên mạng, không có thật.4.5. Rủi ro đối với nhà xuất khẩuChi phí cao, đôi khi không đáp ứng được những quy định của L/C nên việc thanh toán có thể bị trì hoãn, thậm chí bị từ chối thanh toán. Một ví dụ điển hình đó là:Lagergren, một hãng kinh doanh các sản phẩm nội thất lớn của Thuỵ Điển, đã bán một lô hàng đồ gỗ cho tập đoàn Cadtrak Furniture Co.Ltd của Đài Loan. Về phần mình, theo thoả thuận giữ
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