11. Throughout the project, we took seriously our undertaking to protect subjects ' confidentiality and anonymity. All references to names of participants were replaced by codes in field notes and transcripts. Also, we ensured that our research materials were not used for any purposes other than research. Our commitment to this undertaking has also led to decisions about how to quote interviewees. Direct quotes will only cite the participants ' number. Summative data in Table 1 has been intentionally described in broad terms and numerical bands employed in relation to co-offending group size and duration of connection to preserve anonymity.12. Charges and age were self-reported and verified by official sources such as case summaries and press reports in the majority of cases (24 of 37 participants).
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