4.3. Methods of cleaning the surface 4.3.1. Cleaned by manual method: include using steel brushes, grinding or other brush types. This method is used to clean the small loose adhesion patina on the surface of steel with small area or the paint layer has been reduced in quality. The location is hard to execute must use the injection method. Before cleaned by manual methods, the heavy patina to be cleaned by typing, scrape each class a, the greasy dirt layer visible to the naked eye must also be cleaned.Cleaned by manual methods (St)St 1: method does not match the surface preparation of construction paints.St method 2: clean completely by using the energy tools and hand tools.The surface to be cleaned off the grease, dust, slag, rust and old paint layers, strange objects stick sticking loosely to the surface. See the pictures B St2; C and D St2 St2-Appendix AThe method of St 3: clean very thoroughly by the energy tools and hand tools.Similar to St2 method, but in this case the surface is processed more, shiny surfaces result. See the pictures B St3; C and D St3 St3-Appendix A.4.3.2. Clean with abrasive drying method is the most common and most effective for cleaning the surface of the steel. The method is done by spraying of abrasive substances with high pressure onto the steel surface. Often used as a dry abrasive sand. Can replace metal sand or other substances such as steel, metal slag, metal grinding grain.4.3.2.1. Clean by blowing method (Sa)Clean the surface by blowing method is denoted by the letters "Sa".Before cleaning by blowing method, the heavy patina will be removed by conventional instruments. Chemical contamination can be seen such as oil, grease, dust, ... also need to remove.After using the methods of blowing the surface will clean off the dirt and substances have foam debris on it.Note 2: for the surface preparation methods by blows including the process of surface treatment before and after cleaning the surface by blowing method.Cleaning by blowing method includes the following methods:4.3.2.2. Clean by blowing method (Sa1)The surface to be cleaned off the grease, oil and dirt, chemicals can be seen with the naked eye; as well as slag, rust, old paint and strange substances loose adhesion on the surface.See the pictures B. Sa 1; C. Sa1 Sa1-D and Appendix A4.3.2.3. Clean by blowing just right (Sa 2)The surface was cleaned off the kind of dirt, grease, rust, slag, paint is old and strange animals. The rest of this contamination substance will Binder cling firmly on the surface. See image B. Sa2; And d. CSa2 Sa2-Appendix A.4.3.2.4. Clean by blowing method (Sa 2 1/2).The surface was depleted removing grease, dirt, slag, rust and old paint layers as well as debris. The stains are also retained on the surface, usually in the form of small droplets. See the pictures A Sa 2 1/2; B Sa 2 1/2; C Sa 2 1/2; D Sa 2 ½-Appendix A4.3.2.5. Clean by blowing method to achieve cleanliness steel evaluated by Visual (Sa 2)The surface to be cleaned off the grease, dirt, crushed slag, rust, old paint layers and strange objects, metal surface has a uniform color. See the pictures A Sa3; B Sa 3; C Sa 3 and D Sa 3-Appendix A.4.3.3. Cleaned by wet abrasive substances: To overcome the disadvantages of the cleaning method of steel surface by spraying water at high pressure the more abrasive substances (e.g. sand) on the water. It is the method of cleaning by wet abrasive substances very fit steel surface contamination by soluble salts. More effective if this approach was done by low pressure spraying injection then compressed at high pressure to contain sand to the surface of the steel. At the end of the cleaning process, the steel surface to form a layer of rust powder membrane (mainly in the form of oxygen from iron). To overcome this, a must for inhibitors to the water to prevent the formation of rust layer and use the matching primer type inhibitor used, or before painting is clean by blowing gas instantaneous rust light and dry.4.3.4. Surface preparation method using flame (FI) oxyacetylene or oxy-propane across the surface of the steel. The heat suddenly do the rust and rust flaking scales out the surface due to the uneven bloom stretching between metal rust and scales. When using steel brushes brushes clean the rust and lastly blowers to dry clean the steel surface last.This method allows the use in any stage, anywhere any place. Can use the surface has a high relative humidity and help for the surface was drier in order to speed up the drying of priming.CAPTION 3: the fire not put across the surface too slow because of the non-aligned patina or the outside bay on, as well as possible thin steel has been damaged will be at risk of causing a fire.Do not use for the steel surface close to the joints by high strength bolts.4.3.5. cleaning by acid is the method of surface preparation by dipping steel dipped in acid then scrub with clear water.This method is applicable to the process of cleaning acids, oils, grease, wax ... and the type of other contamination on metal surfaces. Apply directly in the factories, in these cases cannot be applied to other methods.CAPTION 4: this method must be performed under the guidance of the professional body.CAPTION 5: for the connection of welding: welding before having to clean the steel surface. After South Korea should conduct clean welding slag and other sedimentation. Made of smooth surface the weld quality control, then proceed to the paint design.4.4. Kiểm tra độ sạch của bề mặtĐể đánh giá nghiệm thu bề mặt thép được làm sạch, phải tuân theo quy định sau:Kiểm tra độ sạch bụi, sơn, gỉ… trên bề mặt thép bằng cách dùng kính lúp có độ phóng đại 6 lần soi trên bề mặt bán thép để quan sát. Nếu không thấy bụi bẩn là đạt yêu cầu.Kiểm tra độ sạch mỡ, dầu bằng cách nhỏ 2-3 giọt xăng lên bề mặt thép đã được làm sạch. Sau thời gian ít nhất 15 s, dùng giấy lọc thấm xăng còn đọng lại trên mặt bản thép. Nhỏ xăng sạch lên mặt giấy lọc cùng loại để kiểm tra. Sau khi hai tờ giấy lọc đã bay hết xăng, nếu màu sắc của hai vết xăng đã bay hơi giống nhau là đạt yêu cầu về độ sạch dầu mỡ. (Xăng dùng kiểm tra phải là xăng sạch, không lẫn tạp chất, không lẫn bẩn…).4.5. Đánh giá nghiệm thu Sau khi đã làm sạch một cấu kiện thép cần nghiệm thu ngay để phun sơn chống gỉ bảo vệ thép và ghi lại các kết quả nghiệm thu và nhật ký thi công. Thời gian phun lớp sơn chống gỉ thứ nhất không quá 4 h kể từ khi ngừng phun cát nếu thời tiết khô ráo.Diện tích thi công phải đạt mức độ sạch ≥ 95% theo yêu cầu mới được chấp thuận tiến hành thi công sơn.
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