The technological development of the human race started fast in the Neolithic period. The invention of polished stone ax is an important advance because it allowed forest clearing for cultivation on a large scale. The discovery of agriculture allowed to provide food to more number of people, and the transition to a sedentary lifestyle has increased the number of children, because children do not need to carry as lifestyle travelers nomadic farming. In addition, children can contribute their labor to increase the number of crops the knife easier for them to live in a manner gatherer-hunters.
With the increase in population and labor have led to the increasing specialization of labor. What has driven the evolution from the village early Neolithic period of the first cities such as Uruk, and civilizations such as the Sumerians first, it is not known; however, the emergence of structured hierarchical society is increasing, especially specialization of labor, trade and war between neighboring cultures, and the need for collective action able to overcome the environmental challenges, such as the construction of Dyke and reservoirs, all of them have a very important role.
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