SUMMARY
Project "Adaptation Khmer farmers' livelihoods in urban neighborhoods O Mon District, Can Tho City," made in the context of rapid urbanization, while chronic poverty and poor are likely to come back day increasingly common in Khmer communities. Based approach to sustainable livelihoods (SLA), subjects identified the specific objectives (i) Analysis of the characteristics of urbanization of suburban areas O Mon District, (ii) Identify the elements promote and hinder in the livelihoods of rural households and Khmer policies related supporting policies, (iii) an analysis of livelihood adaptation result of Khmer farmers in suburban districts Cars Mon, (iv) To recommend measures for sustainable livelihoods of rural households in suburban Khmer future.
To address these objectives, this study has used a combination of qualitative methods and quantitative, including PRA tools (Venn diagrams, schematics travel, resource diagrams, problem trees, tree target, roster by gender ...), interviews (2 ward staff Chau Van Liem and Truong Lac, Women's Union, Farmers Union, Ethnic rooms, 2 of 2 temple monks and 8 typical Khmer farmers), investigations by questionnaire (conducted on 140 households Khmer in 2 wards) and SWOT tool to identify sustainable livelihood strategies. Besides, the project also perform statistical tests and linear regression to determine the factors affecting the Khmer household income.
The results have identified the factors that promote and hinder Livelihood adaptation of Khmer households through 5 livelihoods in the different levels of analysis. Natural sources, agricultural land decreased rapidly, popular state land rent concessions and agriculture. Physical capital but rather complete but still some Khmer households live in conditions below the surrounding community. Human capital expressed low levels of education, in which many people are illiterate in both Vietnamese and Khmer. Social Capital cohesion but mostly Khmer households as poor so the assistance is low, the situation involved prolonged holidays and some concept also limits not less to work. Financial capital, with low income, high poverty rates and the debt situation in the informal channels rather common. Besides, policies to support the livelihoods of Khmer households is done by a lot of programs but the results are not high, the state does not want to make out of poverty. Analysis results achieved livelihoods of Khmer households also showed Khmer households have switched to depend income in non-agricultural jobs, although the majority of households still maintain agricultural activity. Livelihoods based on land resources and the sponsorship of the poverty reduction policy, the clearest manifestation of the lack of sustainable livelihoods. Besides, the linear regression model was also demonstrated three key elements to reduce household income is Khmer poverty policy beneficiaries, with loans and large household size. Whereas, livelihood diversification in non-agricultural activities have close relations, contribute to the household income Khmer.
In the context of urban neighborhoods, the suggested solution towards livelihood diversification in Khmer households is necessary in the context of agricultural land fragmentation. These policies need to consider the compatibility with the resources of the Khmer in different levels in the context of urbanization.
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