Recognition of the nature of radioactive emissions enabled physicists to penetrate into the mystery of the atom. Far from being a solid bit of matter, the atom was found to consist mostly of space. At the centre of this space is an infinitesimally small core called the nucleus. Rutherford established that the mass of the atom is concentrated in its nucleus. He also proposed that satellites called electrons travel in it orbits around the nucleus. The nucleus has a positive charge of electricity; the electrons each have a negative charge. The charges carried by the electrons add up to the same amount of electricity as resides in the nucleus, and thus the normal electrical state of the atom is neutral.
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