Tiếp cận nghèo đa chiều ở VN1. Khái niệm:- Nghèo có nghĩa là không có đủ ăn, đủ mặc, không được đi học, không được đi khám, không có đất đai để trồng trọt hoặc không có nghề nghiệp để nuôi sống bản thân, không được tiếp cận tín dụng. Nghèo cũng có nghĩa sự không an toàn, không có quyền, và bị loại trừ của các cá nhân, hộ gia đình và cộng đồng. Nghèo có nghĩa dễ bị bạo hành, phải sống ngoài lề xã hội hoặc trong các điều kiện rủi ro, không được tiếp cận nước sạch và công trình vệ sinh an toàn- Chuẩn nghèo là thước đo, là tiêu chí để xác định đối tượng nghèo hay không nghèo. Chuẩn nghèo dựa vào thu nhập hay chi tiêu, được qui đổi thành tiền, xuất phát từ quan niệm là để thỏa mãn các nhu cầu cơ bản tối thiểu, mỗi người cần phải có một khoản thu nhập/chi tiêu ở mức độ tối thiểu để thỏa mãn các nhu cầu đó.-NĐC: poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, the condition of poverty should be seen as a deficiency, not met the basic needs of the people. Therefore, to measure poverty according to the multidimensional approach, the need to combine multiple dimensions/indicators to capture the shortage of basic needs are different, and offers comprehensive information for reducing poverty, enhancing security, and social development.2. why need to change the approach to measuring poverty from single to multi dimensional dimension?Over time, the poverty, the poverty rate and the poverty in Vietnam objects defined entirely based on the income criteria, in which poverty is determined according to the method of "the cost of basic needs". Basic needs include the genus for the minimum needs of food, food and more for the needs of food/non food Essentials (education, health, housing ...).The income approach does not match the computer's multidimensional poverty, because: -First, some basic human needs not be rules out of money (such as social security, participation, social status, etc.) or cannot buy with money (transportation access, markets, roads and other infrastructure types, security, the environment, medical services, education, etc.). -Second, with households having incomes above poverty then in some cases the income that will not be spent for the minimum needs; for reasons such as no access to services at home, or instead of spending for education or health, income can be spent on tobacco, alcohol and other purposes. In particular, when Vietnam became the average low income countries in 2010 with the speed of urbanization, industrialization and migration are very fast, this method as revealed many limitations.-Measuring multi-dimensional poverty trends were more countries around the world step by step apply (approximately 20 countries), and UNDP, WB recommended the country should use instead of poor single-dimensional measurement3. Vietnam will advance to the multidimensional poverty measurement application?b. the construction of multidimensional poverty on the basis of:-Determine the extent of the deficiency in the afternoon (depending on the ability and the level of response to the budget);-Construction of a minimum living standard, the standard of food poverty (extreme living) to classify the object.As such, the poor according to the multidimensional poverty will be understood to have a per capita income below the minimum standard of living (or extreme living) and deficiency of at least X and up.To define multi-dimensional poverty, Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs will coordinate with the General Department of statistics, the parties concerned conduct research, build, the issuing authority.c. build options, investigate, identify objects multidimensional poverty, this work by the Ministry of labor, invalids and Social Affairs, training guide, directing the locally made; synthesis of the results of the investigation, the classification of the object.d. on the basis of multi-dimensional poverty census results, the proposed poverty reduction policy towards:-For target groups with incomes below minimal living standards and lack at least from 1 pm or over (assumed), will adopt a number of policies on social welfare such as health, education and policy for credit loan incentives, create employment, generate income;-For group objects have an income below the standard of living and lack of extreme from X and above (focusing on ethnic minority groups), in addition to the above policies, will ban issued specific policies to help;-For group objects have a higher income for minimum living standard but lack at least from 1 pm or over, will assist to reach out to offset the lack of height; and the level of support depends on the ability to balance the budget and universal orientation to solve;-For group of objects approaching the full width but lower income minimum living standards (temporary unemployment) will use the policy supporting access to markets to help such as unemployment insurance, retraining);-For target groups with incomes above the minimum living standards and fully dimensional approach, will use the macro-economic policy to work, not subject to social security and poverty reduction.e. construction of tools for monitoring, evaluation policy, the proposed amendment, addition or repeal the policy ineffective.Shifting approaches to poverty measurement from single to multi dimensional dimension must first create consensus on perceptions of the departments and society as a whole; need to build specific implementation roadmap, and do not tamper with the system of the current poverty reduction policy, does not increase the budget, ensure transparency, efficiency in implementing poverty reduction process the next time.
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