Filtration is one of the most important treatment processes usedin water and wastewater treatment. In water treatment, it is used topurify the surface water for potable use whereas in wastewater treatment,the main purpose of filtration is to produce effluent of highquality so that it can be reused for various purposes. Any type offilter with attached biomass on the filter-media can be defined as abiofilter. It can be the trickling filter in the wastewater treatmentplant, or horizontal rock filter in a polluted stream, or granularen activatedcarbon (GAC) or sand filter in water treatment plant. Biofilterhas been successfully used for air, water, and wastewater treatment.It was first introduced in England in 1893 as a trickling filterin wastewater treatment [Metcalf and Eddy, 1991], and since then,It has been successfully used for the treatment of domestic and industrialwastewater. Originally, the biofilter was developed using rockor slag as filter media, however at present, several types and shapesof plastic media are also used. There are a number of small packagetreatment plants with different brand names currently available inthe market in which different shaped plastic materials are packedas filter media and are mainly used for treating small amount ofwastewater (e.g. from household or hotel).
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