She is particularly known for her monograph Before European Hegemony: The World System AD 1250-1350 where she argued that a system of pre-modern world that extends throughout the world existed in Eurasia 13th century, before the formation of the modern world system defined by Immanuel Wallerstein. In addition, she argues that "the rise of the West", starting with the entry of ships armed Portugal in the network relatively peaceful trading of the Indian Ocean in the 16th century, not Is this a result of internal features to Europe, but was made possible by the collapse of the world system before.
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