A SIP user agent (UA) is a logical network end-point used to create or receive SIP messages and thereby manage a SIP session. A SIP UA can perform the role of a User Agent Client (UAC), which sends SIP requests, and the User Agent Server (UAS), which receives the requests and returns a SIP response. These roles of UAC and UAS only last for the duration of a SIP transaction. [7]A SIP phone is an IP phone that implements SIP user agent and server functions, which provide the traditional call functions of a telephone, such as dial, answer, reject, hold/unhold, and call transfer. [12] [13] SIP phones may be implemented as a hardware device or as a softphone. As vendors increasingly implement SIP as a standard telephony platform, often driven by 4 g efforts, the distinction between hardware-based and software-based SIP phones is being blurred and SIP elements are implemented in the basic firmware functions of many IP-capable devices. Examples are devices from Nokia and BlackBerry. [14]In SIP, as in HTTP, the user agent may identify itself using a message header field ' User-Agent ', containing a text description of the software/hardware/product involved. The User-Agent field is sent in request messages, which means that the receiving SIP server can see this information. SIP network elements sometimes store this information, [15] and it can be useful in diagnosing SIP compatibility problems.
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