India (Hindi: भारत (Bharata), in English: India), the official name is the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country in area, and the second most populous in the world with over 1.2 billion people. India abuts the south Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea in the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal in the south-east, with land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan in north-east; Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. On the Indian Ocean, India, Sri Lanka and neighboring Maldives; additionally, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India bordering on the sea with Thailand and Indonesia. Indian subcontinent is home to appear civilized ancient Indus basin, with trade routes brought historic and the vast empire, and become rich on trade and culture in most of its long history. [8] This is also where the origin of the four major religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism; while Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam are transmitted to the first millennium BC and also help shape the diverse cultures of the region. Gradually being annexed area and move them under the management of the East India Company from the early 18th century, and is under the direct management of the UK from mid-19th century India become a nation independent in 1947 after a struggle for independence in the form of non-violent struggle led by Mahatma Gandhi. India's economy ranks 11th in the world by nominal GDP and the third largest in the world by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). [9] After the economic reform based on the market in 1991, India became one of the largest economies with the fastest growth rates; and has been identified as a newly industrialized countries. However, the country continues to face challenges from poverty, corruption, poor nutrition, lack of health care, and terrorism.
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