Government and politics [edit | edit source]
Main article: Politics of Italy Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy 11th 1948 Italian Constitution provides for a bicameral parliamentary regimes (Parlamento), consisting of a Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati) and a Senate (Senato della Repubblica), a separate judiciary, and an executive branch composed of a Council of Ministers (Cabinet) (Consiglio dei ministri), as Prime Minister (Presidente del consiglio dei ministri) leadership. President Italy (Presidente della Repubblica) is parliamentary with a number of regional deputies elected for seven years. The president appoints the prime minister, who suggested the minister (the president appointed official). The Council of Ministers must obtain the support (fiducia) of both houses. Deputies are elected by parliament universal suffrage and direct through a complex electoral system (the most recent revision in 2005) including proportional representation with a majority prize for the largest coalition. All Italian citizens aged 18 and older are eligible to vote (the House). However, with the upper house election, voters must be at least 25 years old. The electoral system in the Senate based on regional representation. In the election of 2006, the two competing coalitions were separated by few thousand votes, and in the House of center-left coalition has 345 delegates compared to 277 for the center-right (Casa delle Libertà), also in Shanghai l'Ulivo hospital just over two-seat absolute majority. The Chamber of Deputies has 630 members and the Senate has 315 members elected; In addition, the Senate includes former presidents and senators were appointed for life (no more than five people) by the President of the Republic under a special constitutional amendment. To May 15, 2006, there are seven life senators (of which three are former Presidents). Both houses are elected for a maximum of 5 years, but both may be dissolved by the President before the deadline if Parliament can not elect a stable government. In the post-war past, this happened in 1972, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1994 and 1996. A peculiarity of the Italian Parliament is the representation given to Italians living abroad regularly (about 2.7 million people). Of the 630 Deputies and 12 of 315 senators and six members elected from the constituency four separate overseas. These members are elected for the first time in April 2006 and they enjoy the same rights as elected members in the country. The legislative bill that can be launched from both the upper and lower house and must be passed by a majority in both houses. The Italian judicial system is based on Roman law modified by the Napoleonic code and later statutes. The Constitutional Court of Italy (Corte Costituzionale) rules on the conformity of laws with the Constitution and is an innovation after World War II.
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