Equivalent translation is the relationship between the source and target language that allows the destination language is considered the shifting of the source. Koller (1979), offer five types of equivalent translation as follows:-The equivalent of the anniversary (denotative equivalence): equivalent relations be considered towards a reality beyond the language. -The equivalent of the Crown (connotative equivalence): type equivalence is related to the category as style, geography, social. -Standard equivalent text (text-normative equivalence): the word in the source language and the target language is used in the same language in the corresponding language. -Linguistic equivalent application (pragmatic equivalence): equal relationship is related to the object receiving the text. -Equivalent forms (formal equivalence): is the creation of the equivalent form (template) ' while room by creating the new template in the target language.Meetham & Hudson (1969) to give more detail about the level of equivalence: "the texts in the different languages may be equivalent to varying degrees (equivalent or equal part), about the different presentation aspects (equivalent in context, semantics, vocabulary, learning links, function, number, etc.) and at the different levels (from the English language, words, sentences with sentences).However, Whorf (1956), confirms: no two languages would probably see a fact in the same way. In addition, the fact of the matter is that the real world to a large extent unconsciously formed from the habits of language groups. The two languages are never the same again full to be considered together to reproduce a social reality. Nida (1984) also have the same point of view and assert, can not get absolute equivalence in translation.Obviously, every nation has a culture with its own characteristics. How to look upon the world, reviews of each nation is also different. Therefore, when moving from the source language into the target language will sometimes can't find the absolute equivalent. For example, the translator related quotations surely can't find the English equivalent of the word "come" (a popular dish of the peoples of the region in Vietnam), "Pancake Day" (typical cuisine of the Western region in Vietnam, from "common place" in bronze, from "most xẩm" (a ritual in operates belief of some Asian countries, including the Vietnam folk beliefs etc.Như đã biết, chuyển dịch từ ngôn ngữ này sang ngôn ngữ khác là một vấn đề không hề đơn giản bởi nó không những đòi hỏi người dịch phải có tri thức về ngôn ngữ mà còn có tri thức về văn hóa, tâm lí xã hội. Người dịch liên ngôn sẽ gặp khó khăn khi dịch những câu ca dao, tục ngữ, thành ngữ đặc thù của dân tộc Việt Nam sang tiếng Anh và những thành ngữ, đặc ngữ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt. Chẳng hạn, thành ngữ tiếng Anh ‘a big cheese’ trong ‘He is a big cheese’. Nếu người dịch liên ngôn không chú ý đến nét văn hóa của Anh là ví một nhân vật quan trọng và có quyền lực như “một cục pho mát to”, thì sẽ khó dịch chính xác thành ngữ này. Người Anh cũng ví một người ngủ say mà không biết trời đất ra sao là: ‘ngủ như tảng đá hay ngủ như khúc gỗ’ ( sleep like a rock/ lock) nhưng người Việt lại diễn đạt theo cách khác ‘ngủ say như chết’ hay thành ngữ not (one’s) cup of tea trong câu ‘The man Bonita met at the party was kind, but he was not her cup of tea’ . Nếu chúng ta không biết được hàm ngôn, hàm ý của câu tiếng Anh này, sẽ rất khó dịch đúng nghĩa. Câu này phải được dịch như sau: “người đàn ông mà Bonia gặp ở bữa tiệc rất tốt nhưng đó không phải là người cô ta thích” không dịch ‘… anh ấy không phải là tách trà của cô ta’When it comes to many people, Vietnamese people often use two images "jugs, jars" or animals "thuồng stream" to an ' eat drink boxes/jars eaten as thuồng the stream '. Meanwhile the British again for people who eat a lot of is: ' eat like a horse ' (eat like a horse). It comes to the big difference between two people or two things, the Free use images ' and ' area to such different and John James ' a flea in an area '. Meanwhile the American (American English) again using ' day and night ' to compare the difference in sentences like ' James and John are as different as day and night '.From the example above, we can see if the language links translation retains the words for from the source language into the target language will result in the inadequate about the meaning and in some cases could cause misunderstanding.In summary, translations not only requires the translator must have text analysis skills, knowledge, understanding the culture of the source language and the target language that is subtle and creative.
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