Chlorate (CIO3 −) and perchlorate (

Chlorate (CIO3 −) and perchlorate (CIO4 −) have been manufactured in large quantities, and therefore it is not surprising that they have been found at high concentrations (>50 mg/L and >1000 mg/L, respectively) in surface waters and groundwaters around the world. These compounds are chemically stable in water, and they are difficult to remove using typical physical-chemical water treatment technologies. Fortunately, chlorate and perchlorate can be removed by biodegradation to low levels in water. Both compounds are highly oxidized and can serve as electron acceptors for several strains of microorganisms under anoxic conditions. Although it has been known for more than 40 years that chlorate can be reduced by mixed cultures, several bacteria have been isolated recently that are able to respire using either chlorate or perchlorate. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics of these mixed cultures and isolates in order to assess their future potential for biological water and wastewater treatment processes.

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

Chlorate (CIO3 −) and perchlorate (CIO4) have been manufactured in large quantities, and therefore it is not surprising that they have been found at high concentrations (> 50 > 1000 mg/L, and mg/L respectively) in surface waters and groundwaters around the world. These compounds are chemically stable in water, and they are difficult to remove using typical physical-chemical water treatment technologies. Fortunately, chlorate and perchlorate can be removed by biodegradation to low levels in water. Both compounds are highly oxidized and can serve as electron acceptors for several strains of microorganisms under anoxic conditions. Although it has been known for more than 40 years that chlorate can be reduced by mixed cultures, several bacteria have been isolated recently that are able to respire using either chlorate or perchlorate. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics of these mixed cultures and isolates in order to assess their future potential for biological water and wastewater treatment processes.

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

Chlorate (CIO3 -) and perchlorate (CIO4 -) được manufactured Quantities large print, and therefore it is not surprising mà chúng found at high concentrations được (> 50 mg / L and> 1000 mg / L, respectively) in surface waters and groundwaters around the world. These compounds are chemically stable water print, and chúng Difficult to remove using physical-chemical typical water treatment technologies. Fortunately, chlorate and perchlorate can be unaligned to low levels by biodegradation water print. Both compounds are highly oxidized and can serve as electron acceptors for strains of microorganisms under anoxic vài conditionsEND_SPAN. Although it Đã 40 years known for more coal can be reduced by mà chlorate mixed cultures, vài bacteria isolated được Recently được thể chlorate or perchlorate hoặc respire using. The purpose of this paper is to review the Characteristics of mixed cultures and isolates này để có Assess future potencial for Water and Wastewater treatment processes BIOLOGICAL.