Listening comprehension of English, the difficulties and remedies 23.7.2013 (ĐHVH)-today, English is the common language used most widely in the world. It is the language of science, engineering, technology, trade and information worldwide. English has become a compulsory subject in most of the schools in Vietnam, especially in universities. In fact, in the process of learning English, students encounter a lot of difficulties and hardships, the most common is the difficulty in the process of learning skills for listening comprehension. Within the scope of this article, we would like to mention the trouble heard from the students point of view, and find out the cause of them from which give some remedy to help people learn to overcome the difficulties, especially in the early stages when new learning to hear.1. The definition of listening comprehensionThe definition of listening to understand scientists given in different ways.According to the Field (1998:38) then ' listen is a process that cannot see the wisdom, so very difficult to describe. The listener must distinguish the sounds, understand the vocabulary and grammatical structures, to grasp the importance of sound and the speaker's intention, can remember and understand it in the context of socio-cultural spokesperson. 'Anderson & Lynch (1988:21) given the definition of listening to understand the following:' Listening comprehension means understanding what people say has said. The listener has a particularly important role in the listening process by making use of their diverse knowledge to analyze what he heard to be able to understand the speaker's spokesman. 'Wolvin & Coakley (1985) defined more simply as: ' listen to auditory agency process is receiving, handling and identify the message of the speech. 'The definition of listening comprehension, Written by Tan and Nguyen Van Dam (1997) in the ' Vietnamese ' dictionary is given as follows: ' Hearing is a process in which hearing loss receive the external audio and convert it to the central nervous system. Here, the sound is analyzed, transformed into the signal and transmitted to our senses help form the human reflex to the sound of that. 'The above definition shows the listening comprehension is a problem-solving skills (problem-solving) complex. The task of listening to understand not just the audio receiver that it also requires the analysis and determine the message of the speech.2. The difficulties often encountered in the process of learning the skill of listeningUsually, people always hear with a certain purpose. If the purpose of the listening just to relax, entertain in order to relieve stress like listen to music such as the listener almost doesn't need to have any skill at all. However, if the purpose is to listen to collect information, especially when listening to the tape, disk, then to learn foreign language learners need to have some skills such as: judge before listening, concentration while listening, inferred key information needed to hear from the important words in the post (key words) , analyze, synthesize the information heard. Listening skills are formed from a series of individual skills.The majority of the studies have identified that a text if in the form of writing can be as simple for them in processing information, but also that text in the form said the school had so much difficulties in grasping the main content of the post. Why is it so? Here is the opinion of some authors when given the difficulties that learners often encountered in the process of learning the skill of listening.2.1. The views of a number of authors about the trouble heard.According to Ur, p. (1996), author of several books written about ESL teaching (language teaching), who often encounter the following difficulties while learning to hear: (1) do not realize are the sounds that the British say, (2) have the habit to understand all the words in the new sentence to understand the content of the post , (3) can not understand when you say people quickly in a natural way, (4) need to hear many times can understand, (5) find it hard to be able to capture all the information and do not predict what people say words, (6) If prolonged, learners need to listen will feel fatigue and lack of concentration.When referring to the difficulties of learners for listening subjects, two French language teacher is Nguyễn Eagle and Naik N also listed out 6 the following difficulties: (1) have trouble with the English, (2) To understand the words, (3) Don't understand when you say people fast naturally , (4) can find it difficult to keep up the pace of speaking English, (5) need to hear to hear many times, (6) tired and frustrated.In his book ' Teaching Listening, ' Underwood (1989) also put out a number of difficulties. That is: (1) Don't keep up the speaker's speed, (2) Not able to recall the information, (3) restrictions on vocabulary, (4) don't remember all the information heard, (5) Not to capture key information, (6) can not concentrate and (7) are not formed the habit of listening.The difficulties in the process of learning the skill of listening look from the perspective of the learner is also the author of Hoang Van Van, Nguyen Thi Hoang Xuan Chi and flowers (2006) outlined in his book ' innovation teaching high school English in Vietnam ', as follows: (1) the difficulty of listening to English , (2) must understand all the new words to capture the speaker's intention, (3) does not understand native speakers when they speak fast, natural (4) need to hear to hear many times, (5) find it difficult to capture all of the information and does not predict the next information, (6) not focus when listening.In summary, according to the scientists on the study often encounter the following common difficulties in listening to: (1) do not recognize the sounds of English, (2) limitations on vocabulary, (3) lack of concentration when listening, (4) difficult to grasp the main idea of the listening post , (5) need to hear many times and (6) do not keep up the pace of the talks.2.2. Some common difficulties of non-professional students when learning to listenBy listing out the difficulties of learners for subjects listen to the views of scientists presented above, we have formulated the question the census aims to collect factual information service for research to find out the difficulties that non-students often encounter in the process of learning the skill of listening.In fact, according to the results of a survey of nearly 80 students in the second year to study science and culture tourism Culture University Hanoi, the three most common difficulty in learning to listen is to: (1) do not recognize the English (49%), (2) lack of concentration when listening to (57%), (3) can hardly grasp the main ideas of the article hear (71%).3. The cause of the trouble heard3.1. The cause of the failure to recognize the sounds of EnglishWhen asked about the cause of the trouble with the sounds in English, 31% of survey participants said that this difficulty is because they do not distinguish the pronunciation, especially from having nearly the same pronunciation. 28% of students were asked to the confusion between the form of affirmative and negative forms are predominant cause. Especially the 40% of the students participate in the investigation that they didn't realize the main information needs to hear is by a few characteristics of articulation-speech sequences (connected speech) in English as: the phenomenon of swallowing (elision), pronounced in some form from function (weak form), the phenomenon of assimilation of phonology (assimilation) , the phenomenon of Word (contraction), the phenomenon of negative connection (linking), .... As such, the user does not recognize the sounds in English primarily due to (1) do not distinguish between the pronunciation and words with similar pronunciation, (2) confusion between the form of affirmative and negative forms, especially because (3) some of the influence about the pronunciation string of words in the English language.3.2. The causes of the lack of focus when listeningData obtained from the survey showed that 30% of students said that the cause of the lack of focus when listening is not good health while more number of students (37%) consider the lack of experience when listening is the cause makes them increasingly feel difficult to focus on the listening post. While that 32% of students taking the investigation think that poor ability of their focus on listening post is due to both causes. From the metrics can conclude that listeners often lose the ability to concentrate to hear when (1) the health situation is not good and (2) lack of experience in listening comprehension.
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