Pathophysiology
There are several different mechanisms protect the lungs from infection. Inhaled air is filtered in the nose. Lower respiratory tract is protected by the epiglottis and larynx. These foreign objects from entering the lower respiratory tract was thrown out due to the cough reflex. The smaller particles, can penetrate deeper into the airways from sticking to the bronchial wall carpet through the mucous layer on layer of epithelial cilia then moved upwards to be thrown out. The alveoli are small particles to be handled by alveolar macrophages and immune mechanisms in place. The particles are phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages will be shipped out by alveolar lymphatic system. Any disturbance to the surgery or related physiological defense mechanisms are as susceptible to lung infections.
If the defense mechanism of the respiratory tract can not afford to clear the virus from the respiratory tract , the virus will settle in the upper respiratory tract and then spread downwards. Once infected, the activity of epithelial cilia dysfunction, leading to stagnation of secretions and airway obstruction.
The response involves inflammation of viral infections including infection of monocytes in submucosa and about around the circuit, which can lead to heart bronchial congestion. The bronchial smooth muscle contraction occurs in the inflammatory response. These changes are leading to airway obstruction and obstructive atelectasis completely bronchioles (typical in bronchiolitis).
The influence of alveolar type II cells in viral pneumonia leading to reduced production of surfactant, hyaline membrane formation, and accordingly phoi.Viem lungs as a consequence of the proliferation of viruses and inflammation in the alveolar processes. The change has since also reduce gas exchange at the alveolar air leads to a lack of blood.
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