10.3. Application of biomass energy Biomass can be processed in a variety of different transition to create energy, heat, steam and fuel. Most of the biomass conversion process can be divided into two categories as follows:Convert heat (thermochemical): includes thermal combustion (combustion), gas and pyrolysisBiochemical conversion (biochemical): includes anaerobic decomposition (biomass products and mixtures of methane and CO2) and fermentation (ethanol). A different process is extracted, is primarily a mechanical process, used to produce energy carriers (power loading-similar to the concept of the hydrogen-Hydrogen section of this document) from biomass. Also has the distinction of the refractive index varies, depending on the products of this process are heat, electricity or fuel. 10.3.1. the traditional thermal production The extraction process to create the heat has a very long history [vii], and continues to play an important role in human society in the modern era. Heat from the combustion of biomass used to burn this page, to warm the food cooked, steam and heat to ... The energy component of the dry biomass (dry biomass) range 7000 Btu/lb self [viii] (straw) to 8500 Btu/lb (wood). 10.3.2. Biomass fuels Solid biomass can be converted into liquid fuels to provide in the car, mechanics (including the diesel generators), and even in the manufacturing industry. Three popular fuel production from biomass (biofuel) is methanol, ethanol, and biodiesel. Unlike gasoline and diesel, biofuels contain oxygen. Blending biofuels into petroleum products will increase the combustion efficiency of fuel and reduce air pollution [ix]. a) Methanol Methanol is wood alcohol (wood alcohol). Methanol does not have high fuel efficiency as gasoline should only be used mainly as antifreeze (antifreeze), or used in the production of a number of other chemicals, such as formaldehyde. Ethanol and bioesel can be mixed with or used directly for the alternative form of fuel from fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Use of biofuels to help reduce emissions of toxic substances, thereby limiting the greenhouse effect, increase the energy independence of the country and support the development of agriculture and the rural economy. b) Ethanol (or ethyl) Ethanol fuel is liquid, transparent, colorless, flammable. Ethanol is used as additives in gasoline, with the purpose to increase octane and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Ethanol soluble in water and are biodegradable. Ethanol production from biomass containing cellulose components (such as corn), through the process of fermentation in dry or wet oven oven [x]. In both ovens, excess glaze (must) be produced and provided for cattle at the farm. Ethanol certainly has a more positive environmental impact than conventional gasoline, in all aspects of production and consumption base (internal combustion engine). Ethanol production plants emit less greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4. Gas-phase mixture of 10% ethanol, also known as E10, emit less greenhouse gases than regular gasoline to 26%. According to the calculations of ORNEL, use 1 ton of fuel Ethanol will reduce 2.3 tons of CO2 and other harmful emissions. c) biodiesel (biodiesel) Biodiesel is produced by combined process of alcohol (including ethanol) with oil extracted from grape seed, soybeans, animal fats, or from other sources of biomass. 10.3.3. Electricity production from biomass To this day, there are quite many turn biomass into electricity. The most common technologies include: burning directly or create a regular steam (direct-fired or conventional steam approach), heat (pyrolysis), combined combustion co-firing, gas (biomass gasification), anaerobic (anaerobic digestion), produce electricity from landfill gas emissions.
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