BACKGROUNDBy all accounts, environm

BACKGROUND
By all accounts, environmental degradation in Asia is extreme. Almost all of the region’s high-growth economies have followed a grow-fi rst-and-clean-up-later development strategy.2 The result, according to the Asian Development Bank, is that Asia is now the dirtiest continent on Earth (Rock and Angel, 2005). Along with widespread and severe air and water pollution, a host of more specifi c prob- lems beset the region. Deforestation, for one, is rampant. With 10 percent of the world’s rainforests, for example, Indonesia loses as much as one million hectares of forest every year (Gordon, 1998). Likewise the loss of biodiversity is extensive. A recent survey in China, for instance, showed that between 20 and 40 percent of that country’s species are threatened, with almost one falling extinct daily.3 The gravity of Asia’s environmental degradation has intensifi ed over recent decades (Sonnenfeld and Mol, 2006).
Even as this has occurred, environmental social-movement activities have sprung up around the region, taking off generally in the 1970s. Thus by 1990, for instance, the South Korean Federation Environmental Movement provided um- brella services to about 200 environmental NGOs.4 Environmental movement activities appeared somewhat earlier in Japan, in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War (Broadbent, 1998). And in China, activities to protect the environment began relatively late:
Since 1994 and the founding of the fi rst environmental NGO in China, Friends of Nature, there has been a spectacular increase in both the number of environmental NGOs in China and in the range of activities they undertake. Environmental NGOs have evolved from organizations devoted almost exclusively to environmental education and biodi- versity protection to those willing to criticize the government openly …5
Now in virtually every Asian country, there is a long list of domestic environmen- tal NGOs – entities that range in size and permanence from tiny fl edgling grass- roots coalitions to longer established, better funded, and technically sophisticated formal organizations (Jasanoff, 1997).6
Concomitant with the rise of NGOs, waves of environmental regulatory reform have swept through the Asian region. Some such waves have carried very general guidelines for environmental protection, such as impact assessment laws, which require analyzing the environmental impacts of proposed construction projects in order to minimize their damaging effects (Hironaka and Schofer, 2002). Other reform waves have brought narrower regulatory changes, such as those restrict- ing the use of chlorine in the pulp and paper industry (Sonnenfeld, 2002).

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

BACKGROUNDBy all accounts, environmental degradation in Asia is extreme. Almost all of the region's high-growth economies have followed a grow-fi rst-and-clean-up-later development strategy. 2 The result, according to the Asian Development Bank, is that Asia is now the dirtiest continent on Earth (Rock and Angel, 2005). Along with widespread and severe air and water pollution, a host of more specifi c prob-lems beset the region. Deforestation, for one, is rampant. With 10 percent of the world's rainforests, for example, Indonesia loses as much as one million hectares of forest every year (Gordon, 1998). Likewise, the loss of biodiversity is extensive. A recent survey in China, for instance, showed that between 20 and 40 percent of that country's species are threatened, with almost one falling extinct daily. 3 The gravity of Asia's environmental degradation has intensifi ed over recent decades (Sonnenfeld and Mol, 2006).Even as this has occurred, environmental social-movement activities have sprung up around the region, generally taking off in the 1970s. Thus by 1990, for instance, the South Korean Federation Environmental Movement um-brella provided services to about 200 environmental NGOs. 4 Environmental movement activities appeared somewhat earlier in Japan, in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War (Broadbent, 1998). And in China, activities to protect the environment began relatively late:Since 1994 and the founding of the fi rst environmental NGO in China, Friends of Nature, there has been a spectacular increase in both the number of environmental NGOs in China and in the range of activities they undertake. Environmental NGOs have evolved from organizations devoted almost exclusively to environmental education and biodi-versity protection to those willing to criticize the government openly. 5Now in virtually every Asian country, there is a long list of domestic environmen-tal NGOs-entities that range in size and permanence from tiny fl edgling grass-roots coalitions to longer established, better funded, and technically sophisticated formal organizations (Jasanoff, 1997).Concomitant with the rise of NGOs, waves of environmental regulatory reform have swept through the Asian region. Some such waves have carried very general guidelines for environmental protection, such as impact assessment laws, which require analyzing the environmental impacts of proposed construction projects in order to minimize their damaging effects (Heisuke Hironaka and Schofer, 2002). Other reform waves have brought narrower regulatory changes, such as those that restrict-ing the use of chlorine in the pulp and paper industry (Sonnenfeld, 2002).

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

BACKGROUND
By all accounts, Environmental Degradation in Asia is extreme. Almost all of the region's high-growth Economies have followed a fi rst grow--and-clean-up-later development strategy.2 The result, theo Asian Development Bank, is now the dirtiest mà Asia is continent on Earth (Rock and Angel, 2005). Along with air and water Severe Widespread and pollution, a speci fi c host of prob- lems more beset the region. Deforestation, for one, is Rampant. With 10 percent of the World's Rainforests, for example, as much as Indonesia loses one million hectares of forest every year (Gordon, 1998). Likewise the loss of Biodiversity is extensive. A recent survey in China, for instance, showed mà the between 20 and 40 percent of mà country's species are Threatened, with almost one falling extinct daily.3 The gravity of Asia's Environmental Degradation has intensi fi ed over recent Decades (Sonnenfeld and Mol, 2006) .
Even as this has occurred, Environmental Activities social-movement sprung up around the region have, taking off in the 1970s Generally. Thì by 1990, for instance, the South Korean Federation of Environmental Movement um- brella services given below to about 200 NGOs.4 Environmental Activities Environmental movement appeared, somewhat earlier in Japan, in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War (Broadbent, 1998). And in China, to protect the environment Began hoạt Relatively late:
Since 1994 and the Founding of the fi rst Environmental NGO in China, Friends of Nature, there Đã a spectacular print tăng cả số Environmental NGOs in China and in the range of Activities chúng undertake. Environmental NGOs have evolved from almost Exclusively devoted to Environmental Organizations education and biodi- versity protection to criticize the government requirements những willing to openly ... 5
Now print virtually every Asian country, there is a long list of Domestic environmen- tal NGOs - entities mà print range size from tiny and Permanence grass- roots coalitions fl edgling to longer established, Better Funded, Technically sophisticated and formal Organizations (Jasanoff, 1997) .6
Concomitant with the rise of NGOs, waves of reform have swept through the Environmental Regulatory the Asian region. Some waves have such 'very general guidelines Carried for Environmental Protection, như impact assessment laws, Analyzing the Environmental Impacts mà require construction of proposed projects để có minimize damaging effects (Hironaka and Schofer, 2002). Other Regulatory reform waves have Brought rộng ít changes, như những restrict- ing the use of chlorine in the pulp and paper industry (Sonnenfeld, 2002).